Name of the Procedure:

Common Name(s): Stereoscopic X-ray Guidance
Technical/Medical Term: Stereoscopic X-ray Guidance for Localization of Target Volume for the Delivery of Radiation Therapy (HCPCS Code: G6002)

Summary

Stereoscopic X-ray guidance is a medical imaging technique used to precisely locate a target area within the body. This procedure is essential for accurately delivering radiation therapy to treat various cancers. By using two overlapping X-ray images taken from different angles, doctors can pinpoint the exact location of the tumor, ensuring that radiation targets the cancerous cells while sparing surrounding healthy tissue.

Purpose

This procedure addresses the need for precise targeting during radiation therapy, which is crucial for conditions like cancer. The primary goal is to maximize the effectiveness of radiation therapy by accurately targeting the tumor, thereby reducing damage to healthy tissues and increasing the likelihood of a successful treatment outcome.

Indications

1. Specific Symptoms or Conditions:
   • Various types of cancer requiring radiation therapy
   • Tumors located near vital organs or sensitive structures
2. Patient Criteria:
   • Patients scheduled for radiation therapy who require precise localization of the treatment area
   • Patients who can benefit from minimized exposure to surrounding healthy tissues

Preparation

1. Pre-procedure Instructions:
   • Follow any specific dietary restrictions
   • Adjust medications as instructed by the healthcare provider
   • Wear comfortable clothing and possibly a hospital gown
2. Diagnostic Tests/Assessments:
   • Previous imaging studies (CT scan, MRI) to assist in planning
   • A thorough medical history and physical examination

Procedure Description

1. Step-by-Step Explanation:
   • The patient is positioned on the treatment table.
   • Two X-ray machines take images from different angles.
   • The images are processed to create a 3D representation of the tumor's location.
   • The information is used to guide the radiation therapy precisely.
2. Tools/Equipment:
   • X-ray machines
   • Computer software for image processing and 3D modeling
3. Anesthesia/Sedation:
   • Usually, no anesthesia or sedation is required as it is a non-invasive imaging procedure.

Duration

The procedure typically takes about 15-30 minutes.

Setting

This procedure is performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or specialized radiation therapy center.

Personnel

• Radiologist
• Radiation oncologist
• Radiologic technologist
• Medical physicist

Risks and Complications

1. Common Risks:
   • Low exposure to radiation
   • Minor discomfort from lying still
2. Rare Complications:
   • Allergic reaction to contrast materials (if used)
   • Misalignment errors needing repetition of imaging

Benefits

• Precise localization leads to effective radiation therapy.
• Minimizes damage to surrounding healthy tissues.
• Increased likelihood of targeting and destroying cancer cells.

Recovery

• Immediate post-procedure care typically not required.
• Patients can usually resume normal activities immediately.
• Follow-up appointments to monitor treatment progress.

Alternatives

• Other Treatment Options:
  • Conventional X-ray guidance
  • MRI-guided radiation therapy
  • Ultrasound guidance
• Pros and Cons:
  • Conventional X-ray: Less precise but widely available
  • MRI: No radiation but more expensive and less available
  • Ultrasound: No radiation but limited by tissue type and depth

Patient Experience

• During Procedure: Minimal discomfort; need to lie still.
• After Procedure: No significant pain; patients can typically go home shortly after. Pain management is rarely needed, and there are usually no major comfort measures required.