Name of the Procedure:

• Common Name: Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)
• Technical/Medical Term: Image-guided robotic linear accelerator-based stereotactic radiosurgery (HCPCS Code: G0339)

Summary

Image-guided robotic linear accelerator-based stereotactic radiosurgery is a highly precise form of radiation therapy that targets tumors in the brain and other parts of the body. It delivers a high dose of radiation with pinpoint accuracy in one session or as the first session in a fractionated treatment plan.

Purpose

The procedure is used to treat various conditions such as:

• Brain tumors
• Spinal tumors
• Certain lung, liver, and other localized cancers

The primary goal is to destroy abnormal cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues, aiming for effective tumor control or elimination.

Indications

• Patients with small to medium-sized tumors that are hard to reach surgically
• Situations where conventional surgery is too risky
• Tumors that have recurred after previous treatment
• Conditions like arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and certain functional brain disorders

Preparation

• Patients may need to fast for a few hours prior to the procedure.
• Medications might need adjustment, especially blood thinners.
• Diagnostic imaging such as MRI or CT scans will be conducted for treatment planning.
• A custom head frame or mask may be made to keep the patient still during the procedure.

Procedure Description

1. The patient is positioned precisely using imaging technology.
2. A robotic linear accelerator is programmed to deliver high-dose radiation to the targeted area.
3. Throughout the procedure, continuous imaging ensures precise targeting and adjustment as needed.
4. Anesthesia or sedation is typically not required since the procedure is non-invasive and painless.
5. The radiation itself takes only a few minutes, though the entire session may last a few hours due to setup and imaging checks.

Duration

Typically, the entire session lasts between 1 to 4 hours, depending on complexity.

Setting

The procedure is performed in a specialized radiation therapy suite within a hospital or an advanced outpatient clinic.

Personnel

• Radiation Oncologist
• Medical Physicist
• Radiation Therapist
• Oncology Nurses
• Medical Imaging Technicians

Risks and Complications

• Fatigue
• Swelling at the treatment site
• Nausea or headache
• Rarely, more severe complications like radiation necrosis or cognitive changes

Benefits

• High precision minimizes damage to surrounding healthy tissues.
• Non-invasive with no surgical risks.
• Quick recovery time compared to conventional surgery.
• Immediate return to normal activities for many patients.

Recovery

• Patients can often go home the same day.
• Mild side effects like fatigue and headaches are possible.
• Follow-up appointments to monitor progress.
• Avoid strenuous activities for a few days.

Alternatives

• Traditional open surgery
• Chemotherapy
• Conventional radiation therapy
• Each alternative has its own benefits and downsides, such as longer recovery times or less precision in targeting the tumor.

Patient Experience

During the procedure, the patient lies still on a treatment table. The treatment is painless, and some patients might feel a bit of discomfort from the immobilization devices used. After the procedure, any pain or discomfort is usually minimal and can be managed with over-the-counter medications. Patients often report feeling tired but can usually resume normal activities within a day or two.