Name of the Procedure:

Central dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), also known as Bone Densitometry.

Summary

Central dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a non-invasive procedure that uses low-dose X-rays to measure bone mineral density (BMD). It helps assess the strength of bones and the likelihood of fractures.

Purpose

DXA is used to diagnose and monitor osteoporosis and other conditions that cause bone loss. The goal is to determine bone strength and predict the risk of fractures, enabling appropriate treatments to prevent future bone problems.

Indications

• Symptoms or conditions that may indicate low bone density, such as frequent fractures or a visible loss of height.
• Risk factors for osteoporosis, including post-menopause, advanced age, long-term steroid use, and certain medical conditions.

Preparation

• Patients are advised to avoid taking calcium supplements for 24 hours before the test.
• Wear loose, comfortable clothing and avoid garments with metal zippers, belts, or buttons.
• Inform the technician if you have recently had a barium exam or contrast material for a CT scan or MRI.

Procedure Description

1. The patient lies down on a padded table.
2. A scanner arm passes over the lower spine and hip to measure bone density.
3. The patient must remain still during the scan to ensure accuracy.
4. The procedure uses low-dose X-rays to create images of the bones.
5. No anesthesia or sedation is required, as it is painless.

Duration

The procedure typically takes 10 to 30 minutes.

Setting

DXA is performed in hospitals, outpatient clinics, or specialized imaging centers.

Personnel

• Radiologic technologist to operate the DXA machine and perform the scan.
• Radiologist or a specialized doctor to interpret the results.

Risks and Complications

• Exposure to a minimal amount of radiation, which is lower than a standard chest X-ray.
• Rarely, inaccurate results due to movement or artifacts from previous diagnostic tests.

Benefits

• Accurate assessment of bone mineral density.
• Early detection of osteoporosis and fracture risk.
• Helps guide treatment decisions to strengthen bones and prevent fractures. Results are typically available quickly, often within a few days.

Recovery

• No recovery time needed as the procedure is non-invasive.
• Normal activities can be resumed immediately after the scan.
• Follow-up appointments may be scheduled to discuss results and treatment plans.

Alternatives

• Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT): Provides 3D images but involves higher radiation exposure.
• Ultrasound: Less common and less precise than DXA.
• Bone biomarkers: Blood or urine tests can indicate bone turnover rates but do not measure BMD directly.

Patient Experience

• The patient may feel slight discomfort from lying still on the table.
• There is no pain associated with the procedure.
• Comfort measures include providing pillows and making the patient feel at ease.

Patients can expect a simple, quick procedure with valuable insights into their bone health.