Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, 23-valent (PPSV23), adult or immunosuppressed patient dosage, when administered to individuals 2 years or older, for subcutaneous or intramuscular use
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine, 23-Valent (PPSV23)
Summary
The Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPSV23) protects against 23 types of pneumococcal bacteria. It is given to adults and persons aged 2 years or older who are at increased risk for pneumococcal disease. The vaccine can be administered either subcutaneously (under the skin) or intramuscularly (into the muscle).
Purpose
The PPSV23 vaccine is designed to prevent pneumococcal disease, which can cause serious conditions like pneumonia, meningitis, and bloodstream infections. The goal is to boost the immune system’s ability to fight pneumococcal bacteria, thereby reducing the risk of severe illness.
Indications
- Adults aged 65 years or older
- Individuals aged 2 years or older with compromised immune systems (e.g., HIV infection, leukemia, lymphoma)
- People with underlying medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, heart disease, lung disease)
- Residents of nursing homes or long-term care facilities
Preparation
- No specific preparation is usually required.
- Inform your healthcare provider about any allergies or previous adverse reactions to vaccines.
- Review and discuss your medical history and current medications.
Procedure Description
- Preparation: The healthcare provider will prepare the vaccine by drawing it into a sterile syringe.
- Injection Site: Depending on the method selected (subcutaneous or intramuscular), the injection site may be the upper arm or thigh.
- Administration:
- Subcutaneous: The needle is inserted just under the skin.
- Intramuscular: The needle is inserted into the muscle tissue.
- The vaccine is administered in a single dose.
- Post-injection, a band-aid may be applied to the site.
Duration
The procedure takes approximately 5-10 minutes.
Setting
The PPSV23 vaccine is typically administered in outpatient settings such as:
- Doctor’s offices
- Clinics
- Pharmacies
- Hospitals
Personnel
The procedure is performed by trained healthcare professionals such as:
- Nurses
- Pharmacists
- Physicians
Risks and Complications
- Common Risks: Soreness, redness, or swelling at the injection site, mild fever, and fatigue.
- Rare Risks: Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), high fever, and muscle aches.
- Management: Immediate medical attention for severe allergic reactions; over-the-counter pain relievers for mild symptoms.
Benefits
- Significantly reduces the risk of severe pneumococcal infections.
- Protection can be expected in a few weeks after vaccination.
Recovery
- Post-vaccination observation for about 15 minutes to monitor for any immediate adverse reactions.
- Most individuals can resume normal activities immediately.
- Maintain hydration and take it easy if experiencing mild side effects.
Alternatives
- Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13): Recommended for children and adults with certain health conditions.
- Pros and Cons:
- PCV13: Provides protection against fewer strains but may be recommended for sequential use with PPSV23 in some cases.
Patient Experience
- During the Procedure: Minimal discomfort from the needle prick.
- After the Procedure: Mild pain or swelling at the injection site, possible low-grade fever.
- Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers, cool compresses can alleviate minor discomfort.
- Comfort Measures: Wearing loose clothing around the injection site, staying hydrated, and avoiding strenuous activity immediately afterward.