Name of the Procedure:

Semen Analysis; Volume, Count, Motility, and Differential using Strict Morphologic Criteria (e.g., Kruger)

Summary

A semen analysis is a lab test that evaluates the health and viability of a man's sperm. It looks at the volume of semen, the number of sperm present (sperm count), how well they move (motility), and their shape and structure (morphology) using strict criteria known as the Kruger method.

Purpose

This procedure helps diagnose male infertility by assessing the quality and quantity of sperm. The goals are to identify any issues affecting a man's fertility and to guide appropriate treatments or interventions.

Indications

• Difficulty conceiving with a partner after 1 year of regular, unprotected intercourse.
• Evaluation of male reproductive health.
• Post-vasectomy evaluation to confirm the absence of sperm.
• Assessment prior to reproductive treatments like IVF.

Preparation

• Abstain from ejaculation for 2-5 days before the test for optimal results.
• Avoid alcohol, caffeine, and certain medications as instructed by a healthcare provider.
• Provide a full medical history and any previous test results.

Procedure Description

1. The patient is typically asked to provide a semen sample through masturbation in a private room at the clinic or hospital.
2. The sample is collected in a sterile container provided by the facility.
3. The sample is then analyzed in a lab where:
   • The volume of semen is measured.
   • Sperm count is determined.
   • Motility (the ability of sperm to move) is assessed.
   • Morphology (the shape and structure of sperm) is evaluated using strict Kruger criteria.

No anesthesia or sedation is required.

Duration

The procedure to provide the semen sample usually takes just a few minutes. Lab analysis is completed within a few hours to a few days.

Setting

Outpatient clinic, hospital laboratory, or specialized fertility center.

Personnel

• Laboratory technicians or andrologists skilled in semen analysis.
• Urologists or reproductive endocrinologists may be involved in interpreting results and discussing further steps.

Risks and Complications

• Usually, no physical risks or complications.
• Psychological discomfort or embarrassment for some individuals.

Benefits

• Identifies potential fertility issues in men.
• Guides appropriate fertility treatments.
• Helps evaluate the success of a vasectomy.

Results are typically available within a few days.

Recovery

• No physical recovery time required.
• Follow-up appointments may be needed to discuss the results and recommended treatment options.

Alternatives

• Post-coital test to assess sperm-cervical mucus interaction.
• DNA fragmentation test to evaluate sperm quality.
• Hormonal blood tests to check male reproductive health.

Compared to semen analysis, these alternatives may provide additional or different information but are not as widely used as initial diagnostic tools for male infertility.

Patient Experience

The patient may feel slight discomfort due to the nature of sample collection but should experience no physical pain. Psychological support and a private setting are typically provided to ensure the patient's comfort. Full instructions and potential results interpretations are usually given during a follow-up consultation.