Name of the Procedure:

Semen analysis; presence and/or motility of sperm, including Huhner test (post-coital)

Summary

A semen analysis is a test that evaluates the health and viability of a man's sperm. The Huhner test, or post-coital test, is an additional assessment done after sexual intercourse to examine how sperm interact with cervical mucus.

Purpose

Semen analysis is often used to investigate male infertility or issues related to sperm health. The Huhner test can help determine if sperm are able to survive and move through cervical mucus, which is crucial for natural conception.

Indications

• Unexplained infertility in couples
• History of male reproductive issues
• Repeated miscarriages
• Pre-assessment before in vitro fertilization (IVF)

Preparation

• Abstain from ejaculation for 2-7 days before the test
• Avoid alcohol, caffeine, and certain medications as advised by the doctor
• Ensure a complete bowel movement before collection
• Schedule the Huhner test to coincide with natural ovulation

Procedure Description

1. Semen Analysis:

   • Collection of a semen sample through masturbation, usually at the clinic but can be done at home with proper storage and transportation.
   • Laboratory evaluation of the sample under a microscope to assess sperm count, motility, morphology, and volume.

2. Huhner Test:

   • Scheduled around the time of ovulation.
   • The couple has intercourse, and then a few hours later, the woman visits the clinic.
   • Cervical mucus is collected using a speculum and examined under a microscope to evaluate sperm presence and motility.

Duration

The semen analysis takes a few hours, including the time for sample collection and analysis. The Huhner test usually requires a brief clinic visit lasting about 30 minutes.

Setting

Outpatient clinic or laboratory setting.

Personnel

• Urologist or reproductive endocrinologist
• Laboratory technician
• Nurse

Risks and Complications

• Minor discomfort or embarrassment during sample collection
• Rare allergic reactions to lubricants or equipment
• Potential for inconclusive results requiring repeat tests

Benefits

• Identifies potential factors contributing to male infertility
• Provides detailed information to guide treatment decisions
• Non-invasive and painless process

Recovery

• No recovery time needed for semen analysis.
• Mild discomfort may be experienced from the Huhner test, but normal activities can be resumed immediately.
• Follow-up appointments may be scheduled to discuss results and next steps.

Alternatives

• Advanced sperm function tests
• Genetic testing
• Direct intrauterine insemination (IUI)
• Assisted reproductive technologies like IVF Comparing alternatives:
• Semen analysis is less invasive and more straightforward.
• Advanced tests and treatments may offer more detailed information but are typically more expensive and complex.

Patient Experience

During collection, the patient might feel mild embarrassment or discomfort. Afterward, there are typically no side effects, and patients can typically go on with their normal activities. The results are usually discussed with the healthcare provider during a follow-up visit, during which treatment options or further diagnostic steps are outlined.