Name of the Procedure:

Semen Analysis; Semen Volume, Sperm Count, Sperm Motility, Sperm Differential

Summary

A semen analysis is a series of tests done on a man's semen to assess fertility. It measures several factors, including the volume of semen, the number of sperm, their motility (movement), and their morphology (shape and structure).

Purpose

• To evaluate a man's fertility and ability to reproduce.
• To diagnose potential causes of male infertility.
• To monitor the success of vasectomy or vasectomy reversal procedures.
• To check the effectiveness of treatments for conditions affecting male fertility.

Indications

• Difficulty in conceiving a child after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse.
• Pre-evaluation prior to assisting reproductive techniques like IVF (In Vitro Fertilization).
• Post-vasectomy check to ensure no sperm are present.
• Suspicion of male reproductive system abnormalities.

Preparation

• Abstain from ejaculation for 2 to 7 days before the test for optimal results.
• Avoid alcohol, caffeine, recreational drugs, and hot baths/saunas for 2-5 days.
• Inform the healthcare provider of any medications being taken.

Procedure Description

1. Sample Collection: The male patient collects a semen sample in a sterile container by masturbating, usually in a private room at the clinic or hospital.
2. Laboratory Analysis: The collected semen is delivered to a lab, ideally within one hour of collection. The lab technician will then:
   • Measure the semen volume.
   • Count the number of sperm (sperm concentration).
   • Assess the sperm motility (percentage of moving sperm).
   • Examine the sperm morphology (sperm shape) and differential.

Duration

The collection process takes a few minutes, while the lab analysis can take several hours to a day.

Setting

The procedure is typically performed in an outpatient clinic or a specialized fertility or andrology lab.

Personnel

• Reproductive endocrinologist or urologist
• Laboratory technician specialized in semen analysis

Risks and Complications

• Discomfort or stress associated with collecting the sample.
• Risk of sample contamination or improper collection, affecting the accuracy of results.

Benefits

• Accurate assessment of male fertility.
• Identification of issues that may be addressed to improve chances of conception.
• Information that guides further medical or reproductive treatments.

Recovery

• No significant recovery time is needed.
• Normal activities can be resumed immediately after sample collection.
• Follow-up with the healthcare provider to review the results and discuss next steps.

Alternatives

• Advanced sperm function tests (e.g., sperm DNA fragmentation tests).
• Assisted reproductive techniques (e.g., intrauterine insemination (IUI), IVF).
• Adoption or sperm donor options if infertility is confirmed and cannot be treated.

Patient Experience

• Collection may feel awkward or embarrassing but is usually straightforward.
• Minimal discomfort.
• Results review will provide an understanding of fertility status and future options.