Name of the Procedure:

Infectious agent antigen detection by immunoassay with direct optical observation; Influenza (Common names: Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Test, Flu Antigen Test)

Summary

Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests (RIDTs) are used to detect influenza antigens in respiratory specimens. The test provides results quickly, allowing for prompt diagnosis and treatment decisions.

Purpose

RIDTs are designed to identify the presence of influenza viruses (type A or type B) in the body. They help in diagnosing influenza and differentiating it from other viral infections, guiding appropriate treatment and infection control measures.

Indications

• Symptoms of influenza such as fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headaches, fatigue, or chills.
• Patients at high risk for influenza complications, such as young children, elderly individuals, and those with underlying health conditions.
• During influenza season or outbreaks to confirm the cause of respiratory illness.

Preparation

• There are typically no special preparations required for this test.
• The patient may be asked to blow their nose before the sample is collected to remove excess mucus.
• Inform your healthcare provider if you have used nasal sprays or other medications that might affect test results.

Procedure Description

1. The healthcare provider collects a respiratory specimen, usually through a nasal swab or nasal aspiration.
2. The specimen is applied to a test strip containing antibodies that react with influenza antigens.
3. The test strip is then subjected to a direct optical observation, which may include a color change indicating a positive result for influenza.
4. The procedure is quick and typically completed within minutes.

Duration

The procedure itself takes about 15-30 minutes to perform and provide results.

Setting

The test is usually performed in outpatient clinics, doctor's offices, emergency departments, or hospitals.

Personnel

• Nurse or medical assistant collects the specimen.
• A healthcare provider, such as a doctor, nurse, or lab technician, performs the test and interprets the results.

Risks and Complications

• The procedure is generally safe with minimal risks.
• Possible discomfort during the nasal swab.
• Rarely, slight nasal irritation or minor bleeding may occur.

Benefits

• Rapid results enable timely treatment decisions.
• Helps prevent the spread of the virus by confirming influenza quickly.
• May reduce the severity and duration of the illness with prompt antiviral therapy.

Recovery

• The patient can return to normal activities immediately after the test.
• Follow any instructions provided by the healthcare provider, especially if the test is positive for influenza.

Alternatives

• Other diagnostic tests include PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) tests, which are more accurate but take longer to provide results.
• Blood tests or viral cultures might be used but are less common for rapid diagnosis.

Patient Experience

• The nasal swab may cause brief discomfort or a tickling sensation.
• Most patients tolerate the procedure well and appreciate the quick results.
• Pain management is typically not necessary, as the procedure is minimally invasive.