Name of the Procedure:

Infectious Agent Detection by Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA); Streptococcus, Group B, Amplified Probe Technique

Summary

This procedure is a laboratory test that detects the presence of Group B Streptococcus bacteria in a patient’s sample using advanced techniques that amplify the bacteria's genetic material (DNA or RNA) for accurate identification.

Purpose

The procedure aims to identify Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections, which can be particularly harmful to newborns if transmitted during childbirth. By detecting GBS, healthcare providers can take appropriate measures to prevent transmission and treat the infection.

Indications

• Pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation for routine screening.
• Patients with symptoms indicative of a GBS infection, such as fever, preterm labor, or signs of infection in the mother or newborn.
• Individuals with a history of GBS-related complications in previous pregnancies.

Preparation

• No special preparation is generally required for the patient.
• In certain cases, healthcare providers may advise avoiding vaginal douches or sexual intercourse 24 hours before sample collection.
• Patients might need to provide a urine or swab sample from the vagina and rectum.

Procedure Description

1. Sample Collection:
   • A clinician collects a sample, usually a vaginal and rectal swab for pregnant women.
   • Urine samples or swabs from other sites may be collected depending on symptoms.
2. Sample Processing:
   • The collected sample is sent to a laboratory.
   • In the lab, nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) from the sample are extracted.
3. Amplification and Detection:
   • Using the amplified probe technique, specific segments of GBS DNA or RNA are amplified (copied many times).
   • The presence of GBS is confirmed if the specific genetic material is detected.

Duration

The actual sample collection takes a few minutes. Laboratory processing and results typically take between 1 to 3 days.

Setting

• Sample collection can be performed in hospitals, outpatient clinics, or doctor's offices.
• Laboratory analysis is conducted in specialized diagnostic labs.

Personnel

• Nurses or doctors for sample collection.
• Laboratory technicians and microbiologists for sample analysis and interpretation.

Risks and Complications

• Minimal risks associated with sample collection such as minor discomfort or irritation at the swab site.
• Rarely, there could be a risk of contamination leading to false results.

Benefits

• Early and accurate detection of GBS, allowing timely and appropriate treatment.
• Prevention of severe infections in newborns, reducing the risk of complications like sepsis, pneumonia, or meningitis.

Recovery

• This test does not require any recovery time.
• Patients can resume normal activities immediately after sample collection.

Alternatives

• Traditional culture-based methods that involve growing the bacteria in the lab, which take longer (up to 48 hours).
• Rapid antigen tests, although they are less sensitive than nucleic acid amplification tests.

Patient Experience

• The procedure is generally quick with mild discomfort during swab collection.
• No significant pain is expected, and normal activities can be resumed immediately.
• Any discomfort can be managed with over-the-counter pain relief if necessary.