87641 Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant, amplified probe technique

Name of the Procedure:

Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant, amplified probe technique (MRSA PCR test)

Summary

The MRSA PCR test is a diagnostic procedure used to detect the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a patient. It involves analyzing a DNA or RNA sample to identify the presence of the MRSA bacteria using an amplified probe technique.

Purpose

• Medical Condition: This test addresses bacterial infections caused by MRSA.
• Goals/Outcomes: The goal is to rapidly and accurately identify the presence of MRSA to ensure timely and appropriate treatment.

Indications

• Symptoms: Persistent skin infections, chronic wounds, or unexplained symptoms of sepsis.
• Criteria: Patients with suspected MRSA infection or those in environments with high MRSA prevalence, such as hospitals or nursing homes.

Preparation

• Instructions: Generally, no specific preparation such as fasting is required.
• Diagnostics: Prior assessments may include a physical examination and review of clinical history.

Procedure Description

1. Sample Collection: A sterile swab is used to collect a sample from the suspected infection site, often the nasal passages or a wound.
2. Lab Analysis: The sample is sent to a laboratory where nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) are performed.
3. Detection: An amplified probe technique is employed to identify MRSA DNA/RNA.

• Tools/Equipment: Sterile swabs, PCR machine, reagents for nucleic acid amplification.
• Anesthesia/Sedation: Not applicable as the test is non-invasive.

Duration

• The sample collection takes a few minutes.
• Laboratory analysis usually takes a few hours to a couple of days.

Setting

• Typically performed in outpatient settings such as doctor's offices, clinics, or hospitals.

Personnel

• Sample collection is often done by a nurse or technician.
• Lab analysis is conducted by clinical laboratory scientists.

Risks and Complications

• Common Risks: Minimal and generally limited to minor discomfort during sample collection.
• Rare Risks: False positives or negatives, though rare with proper technique.

Benefits

• Expected Benefits: Rapid and accurate identification of MRSA, leading to prompt and effective treatment.
• Timeframe: Results within hours to days.

Recovery

• Post-procedure Care: None required for the test itself.
• Recovery Time: Immediate; no restrictions post sample collection.

Alternatives

• Other Options: Traditional bacterial culture (takes longer, usually 48-72 hours for results).
• Pros and Cons: PCR test is faster and more sensitive than culture methods but may be more expensive.

Patient Experience

• During the Procedure: Brief discomfort during swab collection, similar to feeling during a nasal swab for COVID-19.
• After the Procedure: No downtime; results await.

Pain management or comfort measures are generally unnecessary due to the non-invasive nature of the procedure.