Name of the Procedure:

Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Mycobacteria avium-intracellulare, amplified probe technique

Summary

This procedure detects the presence of Mycobacteria avium-intracellulare, a type of bacteria, in a patient's sample using advanced molecular methods. The test amplifies the bacterial DNA or RNA to identify the infection accurately.

Purpose

The test is essential for diagnosing infections caused by Mycobacteria avium-intracellulare. It helps in detecting the bacterial presence early, allowing for timely and appropriate treatment.

Indications

• Persistent cough, fatigue, and weight loss
• Symptoms of chronic respiratory infections
• Immune-compromised patients with unexplained fever or respiratory issues
• Patients with a history of or risk factors for Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial (NTM) infections

Preparation

• Patients may need to provide a sample, typically sputum, blood, or tissue.
• No specific fasting or preliminary diagnostic tests are usually required.

Procedure Description

1. Collection of the patient sample (sputum, blood, or tissue) using sterile techniques.
2. Extraction of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) from the sample.
3. Amplification of the extracted nucleic acid using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
4. Hybridization with a specific probe to detect Mycobacteria avium-intracellulare DNA or RNA.
5. Analysis and interpretation of results by trained laboratory personnel.

Duration

The procedure typically takes a few hours to complete once the sample reaches the laboratory.

Setting

The procedure is performed in a specialized laboratory equipped with molecular diagnostic facilities.

Personnel

• Medical laboratory technologists
• Molecular biologists
• Pathologists

Risks and Complications

• Low risk since it involves standard sample collection techniques.
• Possible sample contamination, which could affect test accuracy.

Benefits

• Early and accurate detection of Mycobacteria avium-intracellulare
• Facilitates prompt and effective treatment, improving patient outcomes
• Non-invasive or minimally invasive sample collection

Recovery

• No recovery time for the patient as the procedure is non-invasive.
• Normal activities can be resumed immediately after sample collection.

Alternatives

• Traditional culture methods, which may take several weeks for results.
• Imaging studies to detect structural abnormalities.
• Empirical treatment based on clinical symptoms can be started before definitive diagnosis.

Patient Experience

• Minimal discomfort during sample collection (e.g., throat swab or blood draw).
• Clear instructions provided to ensure proper sample collection.
• No significant pain involved; standard precautions taken for patient comfort during sample collection.