Name of the Procedure:

HLA Typing; DR/DQ, Single Antigen

Summary

HLA typing is a laboratory procedure that identifies specific proteins, called human leukocyte antigens (HLA), on the surface of cells. The DR and DQ antigens are types of HLA markers important for immune system function. This test helps determine tissue compatibility for organ and tissue transplantation.

Purpose

HLA typing helps in matching organ and tissue donors with recipients to prevent rejection. It's crucial for bone marrow, kidney, and other transplants. Accurate matching can improve the success rates of transplants and minimize complications.

Indications

• Patients requiring an organ or tissue transplant
• Suspected autoimmune disorders
• Certain chronic diseases like celiac disease or type 1 diabetes
• Planning for organ donation

Preparation

• No special dietary restrictions needed.
• Inform your doctor about all medications and supplements.
• A blood sample is usually required, so stay hydrated.

Procedure Description

1. Blood is drawn from the patient.
2. The sample is sent to a laboratory.
3. Using advanced techniques like PCR (polymerase chain reaction) or sequencing, the specific HLA-DR and DQ antigens are identified.
4. The results are compared to potential donors to find matches.

The procedure primarily uses blood collection kits and molecular diagnostic equipment.

Duration

• Blood draw: Approximately 10-15 minutes.
• Lab analysis: Varies, typically 1-2 weeks for detailed results.

Setting

Performed in hospitals, specialized outpatient clinics, or diagnostic laboratories.

Personnel

• Phlebotomist for blood draw
• Laboratory technicians and molecular biologists for processing and analyzing the sample.

Risks and Complications

• Minimal risks associated with blood draw, such as slight bruising or infection at the puncture site.
• Rarely, some may experience dizziness or fainting.

Benefits

• Essential for successful organ and tissue transplants.
• Can help diagnose and manage certain autoimmune conditions.
• Provides critical information for personalized medical treatments.

Recovery

• No significant recovery needed.
• Follow standard post-blood draw care: apply pressure and keep the bandage on for a few hours.

Alternatives

• Basic HLA typing (less detailed)
• Crossmatch tests (less specific but faster)

Patient Experience

• Brief discomfort during the blood draw.
• Minimal pain or bruising afterward.
• Generally well-tolerated with quick return to normal activity.