Name of the Procedure:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Brain, Functional MRI (fMRI)

Summary

Functional MRI (fMRI) of the brain is a non-invasive imaging technique used to measure and map brain activity. By detecting changes in blood flow, it can show which areas of the brain are involved in different functions. The procedure requires administration and interpretation by a physician or psychologist to guide neurofunctional testing.

Purpose

Functional MRI is used to understand how different parts of the brain work and to identify areas responsible for critical functions. This can help in diagnosing brain conditions, planning brain surgery, or evaluating the effects of stroke and trauma.

Indications

• Pre-surgical planning for patients with brain tumors or epilepsy
• Evaluation of brain function after stroke or injury
• Research into brain mechanisms and functions
• Diagnosing neurologic or psychiatric disorders

Preparation

• Remove all metallic items (jewelry, watches, etc.)
• Inform the physician about any implanted medical devices (pacemakers, cochlear implants)
• Follow specific instructions if sedation will be used
• There is generally no need for fasting

Procedure Description

1. Patient lies on an MRI table that slides into the machine.
2. A series of images is taken while the patient performs specific tasks or rests.
3. Blood flow changes in the brain are tracked and recorded.
4. The procedure requires collaboration with a physician or psychologist to conduct neurofunctional tests.
5. No contrast dye is typically needed, thus avoiding the risks of allergic reactions.

Duration

Approximately 45 minutes to 1 hour.

Setting

Healthcare facility equipped with MRI technology, such as a hospital or specialized imaging center.

Personnel

• MRI technologist
• Physician or psychologist to administer tests
• Radiologist to interpret images

Risks and Complications

• Rare allergic reaction to contrast dye (if used)
• Claustrophobia due to the enclosed MRI machine
• Minor discomfort from remaining still for an extended period

Benefits

• Detailed mapping of brain activity
• Non-invasive with no radiation exposure
• Aids in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning

Recovery

• No recovery time needed
• Patient can typically resume normal activities immediately
• Follow-up appointments might be scheduled to discuss results

Alternatives

• Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Each alternative has different benefits and limitations, including invasiveness, cost, and detail of information provided.

Patient Experience

• Some might feel discomfort or anxiety from lying in the MRI machine.
• Breath, blink, or remain completely still as directed to ensure high-quality images.
• Noise-canceling headphones or earplugs will be provided to minimize the loud noises from the machine.
• A call button is available for communication with the technologist at any time.