Name of the Procedure:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Brain with and without Contrast

Summary

An MRI of the brain is a non-invasive imaging technique used to create detailed pictures of the brain and brain stem. This procedure involves taking initial images without contrast material, followed by additional images after a contrast agent is administered to enhance the visibility of certain structures or abnormalities.

Purpose

MRI of the brain is used to diagnose and evaluate various neurological conditions, such as tumors, stroke, infection, inflammation, and multiple sclerosis. The goal is to provide detailed images that help healthcare professionals make an accurate diagnosis and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Indications

• Persistent headaches
• Seizures
• Visual disturbances
• Hearing loss
• Memory problems
• Weakness or numbness
• Unexplained neurological symptoms
• Follow-up for previously diagnosed conditions

Preparation

• Patients may be asked to fast for a few hours before the procedure if sedation is needed.
• Instructions to remove metal objects and inform about any implanted medical devices.
• Pre-procedure screening for kidney function, especially if contrast material is used.

Procedure Description

1. The patient lies on a motorized table that slides into the MRI machine.
2. Initial MRI scans are taken without contrast material.
3. A contrast agent is injected intravenously.
4. Additional MRI scans are taken to capture enhanced images.
5. Throughout the procedure, the patient must remain still to ensure high-quality images.

Duration

The procedure typically takes 45 to 90 minutes.

Setting

The MRI is performed in a hospital or outpatient imaging center equipped with an MRI machine.

Personnel

• Radiologist
• MRI Technician/Radiologic Technologist
• Nurses (if sedation or contrast injection is required)

Risks and Complications

• Allergic reaction to contrast material (rare)
• Discomfort from lying still
• Claustrophobia
• Potential kidney issues for patients with pre-existing kidney problems

Benefits

• Detailed images of the brain and brain stem
• Non-invasive
• Helps diagnose a wide range of conditions
• Assists in planning treatment

Recovery

• No recovery time is typically needed.
• Patients can usually resume normal activities immediately.
• If sedated, patients may need someone to drive them home.

Alternatives

• CT scan of the brain
  • Pros: Faster, less expensive, good for detecting acute bleeding
  • Cons: Radiation exposure, less detailed images
• Ultrasound (for specific indications like neonatal brain imaging)
  • Pros: No radiation, portable
  • Cons: Limited scope, not as detailed

Patient Experience

During the procedure, the patient will hear loud tapping or thumping noises from the MRI machine. Earplugs or headphones are usually provided. The patient experiences no pain but must remain still to ensure clear images. If contrast is used, there might be a brief sensation of coolness from the injection. After the procedure, normal activities are typically resumed immediately unless sedation was used, which can make the patient feel drowsy for a short period.