Name of the Procedure:

Brain imaging, positron emission tomography (PET); metabolic evaluation
Common names: PET scan, brain PET scan, metabolic brain PET

Summary

A positron emission tomography (PET) scan is an advanced brain imaging technique used to observe metabolic processes in the brain. This procedure helps doctors assess brain function and detect abnormalities.

Purpose

This procedure is used to:

• Diagnose and monitor neurological conditions like Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and brain tumors.
• Evaluate brain function and detect areas of abnormal activity.
• Assess the effectiveness of treatments for neurological conditions.

Indications

• Memory loss or cognitive decline
• Unexplained neurological symptoms, such as seizures or abnormal behavior
• Monitoring known neurological conditions like Alzheimer's disease or epilepsy
• Pre-surgical evaluation for brain tumors

Preparation

• Fasting for at least 4-6 hours before the procedure.
• Avoiding caffeine or tobacco use on the day of the scan.
• Informing the doctor about any medications being taken.
• Completing any necessary blood tests or previous imaging studies.

Procedure Description

1. A small amount of radioactive glucose (tracer) is injected into a vein.
2. The patient rests quietly for about 30-60 minutes while the tracer circulates and is absorbed by brain cells.
3. The patient lies on a table that slides into the PET scanner.
4. The scanner detects the radiation emitted by the tracer and creates detailed images of brain activity.
5. The procedure is painless, but the patient must remain still to ensure clear images.

Duration

The entire procedure typically takes about 2-3 hours, including preparation time.

Setting

Performed in a hospital or specialized outpatient imaging center.

Personnel

• Radiologist
• Nuclear medicine specialist
• Radiology technologist

Risks and Complications

• Exposure to a small amount of radiation.
• Allergic reactions to the tracer (very rare).
• Discomfort or bruising at the injection site.
• Claustrophobia during the scan.

Benefits

• Provides detailed images of brain activity and function.
• Helps in the accurate diagnosis of neurological conditions.
• Guides treatment decisions and monitors treatment effectiveness.
• Non-invasive and generally well-tolerated.

Recovery

• Minimal recovery time required.
• Patients can usually resume normal activities immediately after the procedure.
• Staying hydrated to help flush the tracer from the body.
• Follow-up appointments as recommended by the doctor.

Alternatives

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Provides structural images of the brain but less about function.
• Computed tomography (CT): Useful for detecting structural abnormalities but not metabolic activity.
• Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT): Another type of functional imaging but with less detail than PET.

Patient Experience

• The injection may cause minor discomfort.
• The patient must lie still during the scan, which can be challenging for those with claustrophobia.
• The procedure is generally painless, and discomfort is minimal.
• Comfort measures, such as blankets or pillows, may be provided to keep the patient relaxed.