Name of the Procedure:

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging; Skull Base to Mid-Thigh

Summary

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging is a diagnostic technique that uses a small amount of radioactive material and a special camera to create detailed images of the body from the skull base to the mid-thigh. This procedure helps to visualize how tissues and organs are functioning.

Purpose

PET imaging is mainly used to detect cancer, monitor treatment, and check for cancer spread. It can also help in detecting heart disease and brain disorders. The goal is to provide detailed information about the presence and extent of disease within the scanned region.

Indications

• Suspected or known cancer, especially for staging and monitoring treatment response.
• Unexplained weight loss, fever, or other symptoms suggestive of a malignancy.
• Cardiac conditions needing evaluation of myocardial perfusion.
• Neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease or seizures.

Preparation

• Fasting for at least 4-6 hours prior to the scan.
• Avoid strenuous activities 24 hours before the procedure.
• Inform your doctor of any medications you are taking, especially those for diabetes.
• Blood sugar levels may need to be checked if you are diabetic.
• Hydrate well the day before the procedure.

Procedure Description

1. Injection: A small amount of radioactive tracer is injected into a vein.
2. Waiting Period: The patient waits for about 30-60 minutes to allow the tracer to distribute throughout the body.
3. Scanning: The patient lies on a table that slides into a PET scanner, a large machine with a doughnut-shaped hole.

4. Imaging: The scanner detects the radiation emitted by the tracer and creates detailed images of the internal structures.

   No sedation or anesthesia is usually required, as the procedure is painless and non-invasive.

Duration

The entire procedure typically takes around 2-3 hours, including preparation and scanning times.

Setting

The procedure is generally performed in a hospital radiology department or an outpatient imaging center.

Personnel

• Radiologist
• Nuclear Medicine Technologist
• Radiology Nurse (if needed)

Risks and Complications

• Exposure to a low level of radiation.
• Possible allergic reaction to the radioactive tracer (very rare).
• Discomfort from lying still during the scan.

Benefits

• Provides detailed information about disease presence and extent.
• Helps in planning and monitoring treatment.
• Determines the effectiveness of a therapy. Expected benefits are usually realized shortly after the scan, as results contribute to diagnosis and treatment planning.

Recovery

• You can typically resume normal activities immediately after the procedure.
• Drink plenty of fluids to help flush the tracer from your body.
• Follow up with your doctor for results and any additional treatment needed.

Alternatives

• CT Scan
• MRI
• SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) Each option has its own set of advantages and disadvantages; PET scans are particularly effective for functional imaging.

Patient Experience

During the procedure, you may feel a slight sting from the injection and will need to remain still for the scan. It is generally comfortable, and the technologist will ensure you are as comfortable as possible. Any anxiety can usually be managed with reassurance and comfort measures.