Name of the Condition

• Estrogen Receptor Positive Status (ER+), sometimes referred to as ER-positive or ER+ status.

Summary

Estrogen Receptor Positive Status is a classification for certain types of breast cancer cells that have receptors for estrogen. These receptors can fuel tumor growth when estrogen is present.

Causes

The exact cause of ER-positive status is not well understood, but it is linked to hormonal influences, genetics, and certain risk factors affecting breast cancer development.

Risk Factors

• Female gender and older age
• Family history of breast cancer
• Genetic mutations (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2)
• Extended exposure to estrogen (e.g., early menstruation, late menopause, hormone replacement therapy)

Symptoms

ER+ status itself is a characteristic of tumor cells and does not cause symptoms. Breast cancer symptoms can include lumps in the breast, changes in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, and nipple discharge.

Diagnosis

• Biopsy and tissue analysis to test for estrogen receptors in cancer cells.
• Immunohistochemistry tests to determine hormone receptor status.

Treatment Options

• Hormone therapies (e.g., tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors) are often used to block estrogen's effects or reduce estrogen production.
• Chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery may be used in conjunction with hormone therapy depending on cancer stage and other factors.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• ER-positive breast cancers typically have a favorable prognosis if treated early, as they respond well to hormone therapy.
• Regular follow-up appointments and monitoring are crucial to managing the condition and preventing recurrence.

Complications

• Metastasis if cancer spreads beyond the breast
• Resistance to hormone therapy over time
• Side effects from treatment (e.g., hot flashes, bone thinning)

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, reducing alcohol consumption, and a balanced diet may help manage or reduce the risk of developing ER+ breast cancer.
• Regular screenings and mammograms for early detection.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Any noticeable changes in the breast or concerning symptoms should prompt medical evaluation.
• A family history of breast cancer warrants a discussion with a healthcare provider about risk and screening options.

Additional Resources

• American Cancer Society: www.cancer.org
• Breastcancer.org: www.breastcancer.org
• National Breast Cancer Foundation: www.nationalbreastcancer.org

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure the ER status is precisely recorded in medical documentation.
• Double-check the ICD code to confirm it corresponds to the current and specific condition of estrogen receptor positivity.