Name of the Procedure:

Ovarian Cancer Biochemical Assays for CA-125 and HE4

Summary

This procedure measures the levels of two specific proteins, CA-125 and HE4, in your blood. These proteins are often elevated in women who have ovarian cancer. The test results, combined with your menopausal status, will be used to calculate a risk score that helps doctors understand your risk of having ovarian cancer.

Purpose

The purpose of this test is to screen for ovarian cancer or monitor its progression. By analyzing the levels of CA-125 and HE4 in your blood, doctors can assess whether you may have ovarian cancer. The results help in early detection, which can improve treatment outcomes.

Indications

• Unexplained abdominal bloating or pain.
• Persistent nausea and loss of appetite.
• Frequent urination or sudden weight loss.
• A known family history of ovarian or breast cancer.

Preparation

• No fasting is required.
• Inform your doctor about any medications, herbs, or supplements you are taking.
• You might be asked to avoid certain medications that could influence the test results.

Procedure Description

1. A healthcare provider will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm.
2. The sample will be sent to a laboratory for analysis.
3. The laboratory will use specialized equipment to measure the levels of CA-125 and HE4 in your blood.
4. Your menopausal status (pre- or post-menopausal) will be taken into account.
5. The results will be calculated into a risk score using a specific algorithm.

Duration

The blood draw takes about 10 minutes. Results are typically available within a few days.

Setting

This procedure is performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or a diagnostic laboratory.

Personnel

• Phlebotomist or nurse for blood draw.
• Laboratory technicians for analyzing the blood sample.
• Oncologists or gynecologists for interpreting the results.

Risks and Complications

• Minimal risk, primarily associated with the blood draw.
• Possible complications include bruising, infection, or dizziness at the puncture site.

Benefits

• Early detection of ovarian cancer, potentially before symptoms arise.
• Helps in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment if you are already diagnosed.
• Provides a non-invasive method to assess cancer risk.

Recovery

• You can resume normal activities immediately after the blood draw.
• Keep the puncture site clean and dry to prevent infection.

Alternatives

• Imaging tests like transvaginal ultrasound or CT scans.
• Other blood tests for different biomarkers.
• Each alternative has its own benefits and limitations. Discuss these with your doctor to decide the best option for you.

Patient Experience

• Mild discomfort or pain during the blood draw.
• Brief light-headedness or bruising might occur.
• Most patients find the procedure quick and relatively pain-free.
• Results will be discussed with your doctor during a follow-up appointment.