Name of the Procedure:

Immunoassay for tumor antigen, quantitative; CA 125

Summary

The CA 125 immunoassay is a blood test used to measure the level of CA 125, a protein that can be a marker for certain types of cancer, especially ovarian cancer. The test helps in diagnosing and monitoring cancer treatment response.

Purpose

This test is used to detect elevated levels of CA 125 that may indicate the presence of ovarian cancer. It's also utilized to monitor the effectiveness of treatment, detect recurrence, and, in some cases, evaluate suspicious symptoms related to other cancers or conditions.

Indications

• Persistent bloating or abdominal pain
• Unexplained weight loss or gain
• Pelvic discomfort
• Family history of ovarian cancer
• Monitoring known ovarian cancer

Preparation

• No special fasting required.
• Inform your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you are taking.

Procedure Description

1. A healthcare professional will tie a tourniquet around your upper arm to make the veins more visible.
2. The skin will be cleaned with an antiseptic wipe.
3. A needle will be inserted into a vein (typically in the arm) to draw a blood sample.

4. The blood sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.

   Tools: Tourniquet, antiseptic, needle, blood collection tube Anesthesia or Sedation: None required

Duration

The blood draw procedure typically takes about 5-10 minutes.

Setting

This test is usually performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or diagnostic laboratory.

Personnel

• Phlebotomist or nurse for blood draw
• Laboratory technicians for analyzing the sample

Risks and Complications

• Slight pain or bruising at the blood draw site
• Rare risk of infection at the puncture site
• False positive/negative results leading to further testing

Benefits

• Early detection and ongoing monitoring of ovarian cancer
• Helps assess the effectiveness of ongoing cancer treatment
• Can assist in early detection of cancer recurrence

Recovery

• Minimal recovery time; most patients can resume normal activities immediately
• Maintain pressure on the puncture site to reduce bruising
• Hydrate well after the procedure

Alternatives

• Transvaginal ultrasound
• Pelvic examination
• Other tumor marker tests (e.g., HE4 test)

Pros and Cons: Blood test like CA 125 is less invasive but may not be as definitive as imaging or biopsy.

Patient Experience

• Brief discomfort during the blood draw
• No significant pain post-procedure
• Any mild soreness or bruising typically resolves quickly
• Minimal disruption to daily routine