Name of the Procedure:

Immunoassay for Tumor Antigen, Quantitative; CA 15-3 (27.29)
Common name(s): CA 15-3 Test, Cancer Antigen 15-3 Quantitative Test

Summary

The CA 15-3 test is a blood test that measures the level of cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) in the blood. This antigen is often elevated in individuals with certain types of cancer, particularly breast cancer. The test helps to monitor the progression of cancer and the effectiveness of treatments.

Purpose

Medical Condition:

This test addresses monitoring of breast cancer and other select cancers that produce CA 15-3.

Goals:

• To assess the severity and progression of cancer.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing cancer treatments.
• To detect recurrence of cancer after treatment.

Indications

• Patients diagnosed with breast cancer undergoing treatment.
• Individuals in remission from breast cancer for early detection of recurrence.
• Presence of symptoms indicative of cancer progression such as unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or persistent pain.

Preparation

• No special preparation is typically required for this test.
• Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications and supplements they are currently taking.

Procedure Description

1. Blood Sample Collection:

   • Step 1: A healthcare professional will cleanse the area of the skin where the blood will be drawn.
   • Step 2: A tourniquet is applied to the upper arm to fill the veins with blood.
   • Step 3: A needle is inserted into a vein, typically in the arm, and blood is collected into a vial.
   • Step 4: The tourniquet is removed, the needle is withdrawn, and the puncture site is covered with a bandage.

2. Testing the Sample:

   • The blood sample is sent to a laboratory where an immunoassay is performed to quantify the CA 15-3 levels.

Duration

• The blood collection process typically takes about 5-10 minutes.

Setting

• This procedure is performed in a laboratory, outpatient clinic, or hospital setting.

Personnel

• The procedure involves a phlebotomist or nurse to draw the blood and laboratory technicians to perform the assay.

Risks and Complications

• Common risks include slight bruising or bleeding at the puncture site.
• Rare risks might include infection or lightheadedness/fainting during or after the blood draw.
• Complications from blood draw are generally minimal and easily managed by healthcare professionals.

Benefits

• Helps to monitor the effectiveness of treatment and make necessary adjustments.
• Provides early detection of cancer recurrence.
• Non-invasive with minimal risk to the patient.

Recovery

• No significant recovery period is required.
• Patients can generally resume normal activities immediately after the blood draw.
• Follow-up appointments or additional tests may be scheduled based on results.

Alternatives

• Other tumor markers tests (e.g., CEA, CA 27.29).
• Imaging studies like MRI, CT scans, or PET scans.
• Physical examination and patient history as monitoring tools.

Pros and Cons:

• Pros: Non-invasive, relatively quick, specific for certain cancers.
• Cons: May not be definitive alone and often used in conjunction with other diagnostic methods.

Patient Experience

• Patients may feel a brief pinch or sting when the needle is inserted.
• Mild discomfort might occur at the puncture site, which can be alleviated with over-the-counter pain relief if needed.
• Anxiety related to blood tests can be managed through relaxation techniques and clear communication with medical staff.