Name of the Procedure:

Immunoassay for tumor antigen, quantitative; CA 19-9

Summary

This test measures the amount of CA 19-9, a protein that can be found in higher levels in the blood of some patients with certain types of cancers, particularly pancreatic cancer. It is a blood test that helps doctors evaluate the presence and progression of cancer.

Purpose

The CA 19-9 immunoassay is primarily used to monitor the treatment and progression of pancreatic cancer. It can also help diagnose other forms of cancer such as colorectal and liver cancer. The goal is to detect cancer early or to monitor the effectiveness of ongoing treatment.

Indications

• Patients with symptoms such as jaundice, abdominal pain, weight loss, or a new diagnosis suggestive of pancreatic cancer.
• Monitoring patients who are undergoing treatment for pancreatic cancer to assess their response to therapy.
• Patients in follow-up care to detect cancer recurrence.

Preparation

• No special preparation like fasting is usually required.
• Patients should inform their healthcare provider about any medications or supplements they are taking.

Procedure Description

1. Blood Sample Collection: A healthcare provider will draw a small amount of blood, typically from a vein in the arm.
2. Laboratory Analysis: The blood sample is sent to a laboratory where it will be tested for the level of CA 19-9 protein.
3. Results: The lab measures the CA 19-9 levels and reports the results to the doctor.

Duration

The blood draw takes only a few minutes. Laboratory processing may take a few days.

Setting

• This procedure is typically performed in a hospital lab, outpatient clinic, or a specialized cancer treatment center.

Personnel

• Phlebotomist or nurse to draw the blood.
• Laboratory technician or scientist to process and analyze the sample.

Risks and Complications

• Common Risks: Minor bruising or discomfort at the blood draw site.
• Rare Risks: Infection or bleeding at the puncture site.

Benefits

• Early Detection: Helps in the early detection and diagnosis of pancreatic and other types of cancers.
• Treatment Monitoring: Assesses how well the treatment is working and can signal adjustments if necessary.
• Recurrence Monitoring: Helps in detecting possible recurrence of cancer post-treatment.

Recovery

• No significant recovery time is needed.
• Patients can return to normal activities immediately after the blood draw.
• Follow-up appointments may be scheduled to discuss results and potential next steps.

Alternatives

• Imaging Tests: CT scans or MRIs can also assess tumors but are more invasive.
• Other Blood Tests: Some other biomarkers or genetic tests might be available depending on the patient's specific situation.
• Pros and Cons: Imaging tests provide visual evidence of tumors but are costly and involve radiation; other blood tests may not be as specific to pancreatic cancer as CA 19-9.

Patient Experience

• During the Procedure: Minor discomfort or pain during the blood draw.
• After the Procedure: Generally, there is no pain or discomfort after the sample collection. Patients might experience slight bruising at the puncture site.
• Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers can manage minor discomfort if necessary.