S92.312 Displaced fracture of first metatarsal bone, left foot

Name of the Condition

• Displaced fracture of first metatarsal bone, left foot
• ICD-10 Code: S92.312

Summary

A displaced fracture of the first metatarsal bone in the left foot is a break where the bone fragments are shifted out of their normal alignment. The first metatarsal is the long bone connecting the big toe to the midfoot and is a primary weight-bearing structure. Displacement occurs when trauma forces the bone pieces out of position, potentially affecting mobility and stability. This injury is localized to the left foot.

Causes

Direct trauma or impact to the left foot is the primary cause. Common scenarios include dropping a heavy object, a sports injury (e.g., twisting the foot during activity), or a fall. High-force impacts can force the bone fragments out of alignment, leading to displacement.

Risk Factors

• Participation in high-impact sports (e.g., running, basketball)
• Wearing improper or non-supportive footwear
• Conditions that weaken bones, such as osteoporosis
• Previous foot injuries or fractures
• Advanced age, which may reduce bone density and balance

Symptoms

• Intense pain at the injury site
• Swelling and bruising around the left foot
• Difficulty bearing weight on the affected foot
• Possible visible deformity if the fracture is severely displaced

Diagnosis

A healthcare provider will perform a physical examination to assess pain, swelling, and range of motion. Imaging, such as X-rays, is typically used to confirm the fracture and evaluate displacement. The provider may also assess for associated injuries or complications.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the severity of displacement and may include immobilization with a cast or boot, pain management, and activity modification. Severe cases may require realignment (reduction) or surgical intervention to restore proper bone alignment. Physical therapy may be recommended during recovery to restore strength and mobility.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Most displaced fractures of the first metatarsal heal with appropriate treatment, but recovery time varies based on severity and treatment. Follow-up appointments are important to monitor healing, assess for complications, and adjust treatment as needed. Full weight-bearing may be delayed until the bone is stable.

Complications

Potential complications include nonunion (failure to heal), malunion (healing in improper alignment), chronic pain, or arthritis in the big toe joint. Infection or nerve damage may occur with surgical intervention. Early treatment reduces these risks.

Lifestyle & Prevention

Wearing supportive footwear, especially during high-impact activities, can help prevent injuries. Maintaining bone health through proper nutrition (e.g., calcium and vitamin D) and avoiding repetitive stress on the foot may reduce fracture risk. Gradual conditioning and proper technique in sports can also minimize trauma.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe pain, inability to bear weight, visible deformity, or signs of infection (e.g., redness, warmth, fever) after an injury to the left foot. Persistent pain or swelling that does not improve with rest warrants evaluation.

Tips for Medical Coders

Document the laterality (left foot) and displacement status clearly. Ensure clinical notes specify the fracture as displaced to support the S92.312 code. Include details on the encounter type (e.g., initial, subsequent) and fracture characteristics (e.g., closed, open) if applicable for accurate coding.