S92.313 Displaced fracture of first metatarsal bone, unspecified foot

Name of the Condition

• Displaced fracture of first metatarsal bone, unspecified foot
• ICD-10 Code: S92.313

Summary

A displaced fracture of the first metatarsal bone, unspecified foot, refers to a break in the long bone at the base of the big toe where the bone fragments are shifted out of their normal alignment. This injury typically results from trauma or impact and affects the foot without specifying left or right. The first metatarsal is the largest and most weight-bearing metatarsal bone, making it susceptible to displacement during high-force events.

Causes

Direct trauma to the foot is the primary cause, such as dropping a heavy object, a sports injury, or a fall. Twisting the foot sharply or sudden impact can force the bone fragments out of position, leading to displacement. High-energy forces, like those from motor vehicle accidents or falls from height, may also result in this type of fracture.

Risk Factors

• Participation in high-impact sports (e.g., basketball, soccer)
• Wearing improper or non-supportive footwear
• Conditions that weaken bones, such as osteoporosis
• Advanced age, which may reduce bone density and balance
• Previous foot injuries or fractures

Symptoms

• Intense pain at the injury site
• Swelling and bruising around the affected foot
• Difficulty bearing weight or walking on the injured foot
• Possible visible deformity if the fracture is severely displaced

Diagnosis

A healthcare provider will perform a physical examination to assess pain, swelling, and range of motion. Imaging tests, such as X-rays, are typically used to confirm the fracture and determine the extent of displacement. Additional imaging, like CT scans, may be ordered for complex cases to evaluate joint alignment or associated injuries.

Treatment Options

• Immobilization with a cast or splint to allow healing
• Pain management with medications or ice
• Surgical intervention for severe displacement or unstable fractures
• Physical therapy to restore strength and mobility after healing

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Most displaced fractures of the first metatarsal heal well with appropriate treatment, though recovery time varies based on severity. Follow-up appointments are necessary to monitor healing and adjust treatment as needed. Complications, such as arthritis or chronic pain, may occur if the fracture does not align properly.

Complications

• Nonunion or delayed healing of the fracture
• Malunion, where the bone heals in a misaligned position
• Arthritis in the big toe joint
• Chronic pain or stiffness
• Nerve or blood vessel damage in severe cases

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Wear supportive, properly fitting footwear during activities
• Use protective gear in high-impact sports
• Maintain bone health with a balanced diet and regular exercise
• Avoid sudden, forceful movements that strain the foot

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe pain, swelling, or deformity after an injury, or if you cannot bear weight on the foot. Persistent pain, numbness, or signs of infection (e.g., redness, fever) after initial treatment also warrant evaluation.

Tips for Medical Coders

Document the specific foot (left/right) if known, as this may affect coding. For displaced fractures, ensure the displacement is clearly noted in the medical record. If the fracture is open (exposed to the skin), use a different code. Verify documentation supports the "unspecified foot" designation when left or right is not documented.