Name of the Procedure:

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccine (BCG)

• Common name: BCG vaccine
• Technical/Medical term: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine for tuberculosis, live, percutaneous use.

Summary

The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a live vaccine administered to help protect against tuberculosis (TB). It is delivered percutaneously, which means through the skin, often using a small needle or a special device.

Purpose

The BCG vaccine aims to:

• Prevent tuberculosis, a serious infectious disease primarily affecting the lungs.
• Reduce the severity of TB symptoms if contracted.

Indications

• Individuals at high risk for TB exposure, such as healthcare workers.
• Children in regions with high TB prevalence.
• People in close contact with TB patients.

Preparation

• No special preparation like fasting is typically required.
• Inform your healthcare provider of any ongoing medications and allergies.
• Routine screenings such as a TB skin test or blood tests may be conducted.

Procedure Description

1. Cleaning the Area: The vaccination site, usually the upper arm, is cleaned with an antiseptic.
2. Administration: The vaccine is injected just beneath the surface of the skin using a fine needle or a multi-puncture device.
3. Post-Administration: The site is left uncovered to heal naturally.

• Tools/Equipment: Syringe and needle or multi-puncture device.
• Anesthesia: None required.

Duration

• The procedure typically takes around 5 to 10 minutes.

Setting

• The BCG vaccine is usually administered in an outpatient clinic, hospital, or a public health facility.

Personnel

• The procedure is carried out by qualified healthcare professionals such as nurses or physicians.

Risks and Complications

• Common: Mild skin reactions like redness, swelling, and soreness at the injection site.
• Rare: Severe allergic reactions, ulceration, and abscess formation at the injection site.

Benefits

• Significant reduction in the risk of contracting TB.
• Lower severity of symptoms for individuals who may still contract TB.
• Protection generally begins within 2–3 months of vaccination.

Recovery

• Keep the injection site clean and dry.
• Avoid scratching or covering the area.
• Normal activities can typically be resumed immediately.
• Monitor for signs of infection or severe allergic reaction and consult healthcare if they occur.

Alternatives

• No direct vaccine alternatives.
• Regular TB screening and prompt treatment:
  • Pros: Effective in high-risk populations.
  • Cons: More reactive than proactive.

Patient Experience

• Possible mild discomfort during the injection.
• Likely to experience minor soreness or a small blister at the injection site.
• Pain management: Over-the-counter pain relievers if necessary. Avoid applying topical medications unless recommended by your healthcare provider.

Providing detailed, transparent information helps patients understand what to expect and alleviates concerns related to the BCG vaccination procedure for tuberculosis.