Susceptibility studies, antimicrobial agent; macrobroth dilution method, each agent
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Susceptibility Studies, Antimicrobial Agent; Macrobroth Dilution Method
Common name: Macrobroth Dilution Test
Summary:
The macrobroth dilution method is a laboratory test used to determine the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents (antibiotics) against specific bacteria. It involves culturing bacteria in a liquid medium containing varying concentrations of an antibiotic to identify the minimum concentration that can inhibit bacterial growth.
Purpose:
The macrobroth dilution test is used to diagnose bacterial infections and to guide the selection of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. By determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of antibiotics, doctors can prescribe the most effective treatment for bacterial infections, reducing antibiotic resistance and ensuring optimal patient outcomes.
Indications:
- Persistent or severe bacterial infections.
- Infections that do not respond to initial antibiotic treatment.
- Cases where the infecting organism's antibiotic susceptibility is unknown.
- Monitoring the effectiveness of ongoing antimicrobial treatment.
Preparation:
- No specific preparation is needed for the patient as this is a laboratory test.
- The sample required (e.g., blood, urine, or tissue) must be collected aseptically by a healthcare provider and sent to the laboratory.
Procedure Description:
- A precise number of bacteria are added to a series of test tubes or wells containing a liquid growth medium.
- Different concentrations of the antibiotic are added to each tube or well, creating a range of antibiotic concentrations from high to zero (control).
- The inoculated tubes or wells are incubated at the appropriate temperature for a specified period, usually 16-20 hours.
- After incubation, each tube or well is checked to determine if bacterial growth has occurred.
- The lowest concentration of the antibiotic that inhibits visible bacterial growth is recorded as the MIC.
Tools and Equipment:
- Test tubes or microtiter plates.
- Growth medium (broth).
- Bacterial inoculum.
- Antibiotic solutions of varying concentrations.
- Incubator.
Duration:
The test usually takes around 18-24 hours to complete, including the incubation period.
Setting:
This procedure is performed in a microbiology laboratory, typically located in a hospital or diagnostic center.
Personnel:
- Medical laboratory scientists (microbiologists).
- Pathologists (may oversee or interpret results).
Risks and Complications:
- No direct risks to the patient as the test is conducted on collected samples.
- Laboratory contamination and improper technique could potentially lead to inaccurate results, but these risks are minimized in a professional lab setting.
Benefits:
- Accurate identification of the most effective antibiotic for treating specific bacterial infections.
- Reduction in inappropriate antibiotic usage, thereby lowering the risk of antibiotic resistance.
- Personalized and targeted antimicrobial therapy.
Recovery:
No recovery period is required as the test is performed on a sample outside of the patient’s body. Patients will be instructed by their healthcare provider based on the test results.
Alternatives:
- Disk diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method.
- E-test (Epsilometer test).
- Automated susceptibility testing systems. Pros and Cons:
- Macrobroth dilution is highly accurate but time-consuming and labor-intensive compared to automated methods.
- Other methods may be faster but might not provide the same level of precision in MIC determination.
Patient Experience:
Since this is a laboratory test conducted on a specimen, the patient does not experience any discomfort or sensation from the test itself. Any pain or discomfort would be associated with the sample collection process, such as a blood draw, which can involve a brief needle stick. Pain management and comfort measures like local anesthesia or numbing cream can be used if necessary.