Name of the Procedure:

Susceptibility Studies, Antimicrobial Agent; Enzyme Detection (e.g., Beta-Lactamase), Per Enzyme

Summary

This procedure involves testing a sample to determine the presence of specific enzymes like beta-lactamase that can break down antibiotics. It helps to identify whether bacteria are resistant to certain antibiotics, guiding effective treatment options.

Purpose

Susceptibility studies are performed to identify antibiotic resistance in bacteria. By detecting enzymes such as beta-lactamase, which can inactivate antibiotics, healthcare providers can choose the most effective treatment to combat bacterial infections.

Indications

• Persistent or recurring infections that do not respond to standard antibiotic treatments.
• Serious infections where choosing the right antibiotic is critical, such as in cases of sepsis.
• Infections in immunocompromised patients or those with chronic diseases.

Preparation

• No specific preparation or fasting is usually required.
• Patients should inform their healthcare provider about any medications they are currently taking.
• A sample (e.g., blood, urine, or tissue) will be collected for testing.

Procedure Description

1. A sample is collected from the patient (e.g., blood, urine, or tissue).
2. The sample is sent to the lab where it is exposed to various antibiotics.
3. Special tests are conducted to detect the presence of enzymes like beta-lactamase.
4. Results are analyzed to determine the susceptibility of the bacteria to different antibiotics.

Tools, Equipment, or Technology Used

• Collection tools (needles, swabs, etc.)
• Laboratory reagents and culture media
• Enzyme detection kits or test strips
• Microbiological laboratory equipment

Anesthesia or Sedation

• Not applicable

Duration

• The sample collection itself takes a few minutes, while the lab analysis may take 24-48 hours.

Setting

• Sample collection can be performed in an outpatient clinic, hospital, or laboratory setting.

Personnel

• Sample collection is typically done by a nurse or phlebotomist.
• Laboratory technicians and microbiologists conduct the testing and analysis.

Risks and Complications

• Minimal risks from sample collection, such as slight bleeding, bruising, or infection at the collection site.
• Rare complications could include inaccurate results due to sample contamination.

Benefits

• Helps to identify effective antibiotics, leading to targeted and effective treatment.
• Reduces the risk of using ineffective antibiotics and developing further resistance.
• Results typically available within a few days.

Recovery

• No specific recovery is needed as the procedure is non-invasive.
• Patients can resume normal activities immediately after sample collection.

Alternatives

• Empiric antibiotic treatment based on the most likely cause of infection.
• Other diagnostic tests like genetic testing for resistant genes in bacteria.

Pros and Cons of Alternatives

• Alternatives may be faster but less specific, potentially leading to less effective treatment and further resistance development.

Patient Experience

• During sample collection, expect minor discomfort similar to any blood draw or swab test.
• After the procedure, minimal aftercare is needed, with some possible minor soreness at the collection site. Pain management is generally not required.