Infectious agent drug susceptibility phenotype prediction using regularly updated genotypic bioinformatics
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Infectious Agent Drug Susceptibility Phenotype Prediction Using Regularly Updated Genotypic Bioinformatics
(Common names include: Drug Resistance Profiling, Genetic Susceptibility Testing)
Summary
This procedure involves analyzing the genetic material of infectious agents (such as bacteria or viruses) using advanced bioinformatics tools. By studying the genetic markers, scientists predict how the infectious agent will respond to various antimicrobial drugs, helping to identify the most effective treatment options.
Purpose
The primary goal is to determine the best drug treatment for infections by predicting the susceptibility or resistance of the infectious agent to various medications. This helps in tailoring personalized treatments and avoiding ineffective drugs, thereby improving treatment outcomes and reducing the spread of drug-resistant infections.
Indications
The procedure is recommended for:
- Patients with infections that are not responding to standard treatments.
- Chronic or recurrent infections where drug resistance is suspected.
- Specific infections known to have high rates of drug resistance (e.g., tuberculosis, HIV).
- Cases where rapid and precise identification of effective medication is crucial.
Preparation
- No specific fasting or medication adjustments are usually required for this procedure.
- A sample from the patient (e.g., blood, tissue, or sputum) is collected for analysis.
- Prior diagnostic tests may include culture and sensitivity tests to identify the infectious agent.
Procedure Description
- Sample Collection: A biological sample from the affected area (e.g., blood) is collected.
- DNA/RNA Extraction: Genetic material from the infectious agent within the sample is extracted.
- Sequencing: The extracted genetic material undergoes sequencing to identify specific genetic markers related to drug resistance.
- Bioinformatics Analysis: The sequence data is analyzed using specialized software and up-to-date genetic databases to predict drug susceptibility.
- Report Generation: A detailed report outlining the predicted drug susceptibilities is prepared and provided to the healthcare provider.
Tools: Centrifuge, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) machines, sequencers, and bioinformatics software.
No anesthesia or sedation is required as it involves only sample collection.
Duration
The entire process, from sample collection to report generation, typically takes 2-5 days depending on laboratory capacities and workflow.
Setting
The procedure can be performed in both hospital laboratories and specialized outpatient diagnostic clinics.
Personnel
- Laboratory Technologists
- Microbiologists
- Bioinformatics Specialists
- Healthcare Provider/Physician
Risks and Complications
- Minimal risks related to the collection of the sample (e.g., slight pain, infection at the needle site).
- False-negative or false-positive results are possible, though rare.
Benefits
- Rapid and precise identification of effective antimicrobial drugs.
- Improved patient outcomes through personalized treatment plans.
- Reduction in the use of ineffective drugs, lowering the risk of developing further drug resistance.
- Results are generally utilized within a few days, allowing for timely treatment adjustments.
Recovery
- No specific post-procedure care is required as the test is non-invasive.
- Normal activities can typically be resumed immediately after sample collection.
- Follow-up appointments may be scheduled to discuss test results and treatment adjustments.
Alternatives
- Traditional culture and sensitivity tests, though these might take longer to yield results.
- Empirical treatment based on clinical guidelines, though this may be less effective if drug resistance patterns are unknown.
Patient Experience
Patients might experience mild discomfort during sample collection. There is generally no pain or side effects associated with the procedure itself. Comfort measures, like using a topical anesthetic cream, can be applied if necessary during sample collection to minimize discomfort.