Name of the Procedure:

Infectious agent phenotype analysis by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) with drug resistance tissue culture analysis, HIV 1; each additional drug tested (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure).

Summary

This procedure involves analyzing the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of the HIV 1 virus to identify its characteristics and assess its resistance to various drugs. This helps in tailoring personalized treatment plans for HIV 1 patients.

Purpose

The procedure is primarily used to determine the drug resistance profile of the HIV 1 virus in an infected individual. It helps healthcare providers choose the most effective antiretroviral medications, ensuring better management of the condition and increasing the chances of successful treatment.

Indications

• Patients diagnosed with HIV 1 infection.
• Individuals exhibiting signs of treatment failure or resistance.
• Initiation of a new antiretroviral therapy regimen.
• Patients with persistent viral loads despite ongoing treatment.

Preparation

• No specific fasting or dietary restrictions typically required.
• Blood sample collection may be necessary; follow standard instructions for blood draws.
• Patient's antiretroviral medication history might be reviewed prior to the procedure.

Procedure Description

1. A blood sample is collected from the patient.
2. The genetic material (DNA or RNA) of the HIV 1 virus is extracted from the sample.
3. Laboratory tests, including tissue culture and nucleic acid amplification, are conducted to assess the viral genetic structure.
4. Drug resistance tests are performed against various antiretroviral medications to determine the virus's resistance profile.
5. Results are interpreted and used to guide treatment decisions.

Tools and Equipment:

• Blood collection kits.
• Nucleic acid extraction tools.
• Lab equipment for tissue culture and genetic analysis.

Anesthesia: Not applicable.

Duration

The entire process may take several days to weeks, depending on the complexity of tests.

Setting

The procedure is predominantly performed in specialized laboratories.

Personnel

• Phlebotomist (for blood sample collection).
• Medical laboratory technicians and molecular biologists (for analysis).
• Infectious disease specialists might be involved for result interpretation.

Risks and Complications

• Minor bruising or discomfort at the blood draw site.
• Rarely, inaccurate results due to sample contamination or technical errors, which might necessitate repeat testing.

Benefits

• Personalized and effective treatment plans.
• Improved management of HIV 1 infection.
• Better control of the viral load and reduced risk of developing drug resistance.

Recovery

• No specific recovery period required post-blood sample collection.
• Patients can resume normal activities immediately after the sample collection.

Alternatives

• Genotypic testing without phenotypic analysis.
• Phenotypic analysis without nucleic acid testing.
• Clinical observation and treatment adjustments based on symptomatic responses.

Pros:

• Comprehensive understanding of drug resistance.
• Personalized treatment regimens.

Cons:

• More costly and time-consuming than standard testing.

Patient Experience

Patients might feel a slight pain or pinch during the blood draw, and there could be minor bruising afterward. Overall, the procedure is minimally invasive with no significant discomfort.