Name of the Procedure:

Hepatitis B Surface Antibody Test (HBsAb, Anti-HBs)

Summary

The Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) test checks for the presence of antibodies against the hepatitis B virus in the blood. It helps determine whether a person has immunity to hepatitis B, either from past infection or vaccination.

Purpose

The HBsAb test is used to:

• Confirm immunity to hepatitis B.
• Monitor the effectiveness of the hepatitis B vaccine.
• Identify individuals who have recovered from a hepatitis B infection.

Indications

• Individuals who have completed the hepatitis B vaccination series.
• Patients with a history of hepatitis B infection to confirm recovery.
• People at risk of hepatitis B infection, such as healthcare workers, to ascertain immunity.
• Pregnant women as part of prenatal screening.

Preparation

• No special fasting or preparation is usually required.
• Inform your healthcare provider of any medications or supplements you are taking.
• A blood sample will be needed, which is typically done via a simple blood draw.

Procedure Description

1. The patient will be seated, and a tourniquet is applied to the upper arm to fill the veins.
2. The skin around the draw site is cleaned.
3. A needle is inserted into a vein, usually in the arm.
4. Blood is drawn into a vial or syringe.
5. The needle is removed, and a bandage is applied to the site to stop any bleeding.
6. The blood sample is sent to a lab for analysis.

Duration

The blood draw itself takes only a few minutes. Results from the lab can take a few days to a week.

Setting

The procedure is typically performed in a doctor's office, outpatient clinic, or a laboratory.

Personnel

• A phlebotomist or nurse typically performs the blood draw.
• A lab technician analyzes the blood sample.

Risks and Complications

• Minor discomfort or pain at the needle site.
• Bruising or bleeding at the puncture site.
• Rarely, infection at the puncture site.
• Dizziness or fainting during or after the blood draw.

Benefits

• Confirms immunity to hepatitis B, providing peace of mind.
• Helps in making informed decisions about vaccinations or additional medical care.
• Useful in monitoring public health and preventing the spread of hepatitis B.

Recovery

• Minimal recovery needed; patients can typically resume normal activities immediately.
• Apply pressure to the draw site if bruising occurs.
• Maintain hydration and avoid strenuous activity for a short period if feeling lightheaded.

Alternatives

• There are no direct alternatives to the HBsAb test for confirming hepatitis B immunity. However, related tests, such as the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test, can provide additional information about active infection.

Patient Experience

• Patients may feel a brief sting or pinch during the blood draw.
• Some may experience minor bruising or soreness at the puncture site.
• Overall, the procedure is quick, relatively painless, and typically well-tolerated.
• Post-draw, ensure a comfortable and calm environment to rest if feeling dizzy.