Name of the Procedure:

Quantitative Real-Time Amplification of DNA Markers for Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Megasphaera type 1, BVAB-2, and Lactobacillus species

Summary

This procedure involves testing vaginal samples to identify the presence and quantity of specific bacterial DNA markers, including Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Megasphaera type 1, Bacterial Vaginosis Associated Bacteria-2 (BVAB-2), and Lactobacillus species. It utilizes advanced molecular techniques to detect and measure bacterial DNA, helping to diagnose bacterial vaginosis and vaginitis.

Purpose

The procedure is aimed at diagnosing bacterial vaginosis and vaginitis by detecting and quantifying bacterial DNA in vaginal samples. Its goal is to accurately identify the bacterial balance, which can aid in appropriate treatment.

Indications

• Symptoms like unusual vaginal discharge, odor, itching, or burning.
• Recurring or persistent vaginal infections.
• Pre-operative evaluations or assessments for patients with a history of bacterial vaginosis.

Preparation

• No specific preparation is needed for this test.
• Patients should avoid using vaginal creams, lubricants, or douches 24 hours prior to the sample collection.
• A pelvic examination will be conducted before collecting the sample.

Procedure Description

1. The patient lies down in a comfortable position.
2. A sterile speculum is inserted into the vagina to allow access to the vaginal walls.
3. A swab is used to collect the vaginal sample.
4. The collected sample is sent to a laboratory, where it is processed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technology.
5. qPCR amplifies DNA markers specific to Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Megasphaera type 1, BVAB-2, and Lactobacillus species to detect and quantify their presence.

Duration

The sample collection typically takes about 5 to 10 minutes. Laboratory results may take a few days.

Setting

The procedure can be performed in an outpatient clinic, doctor's office, or a hospital setting.

Personnel

• Gynecologist or healthcare professional performing the sample collection.
• Laboratory technicians analyzing the sample.

Risks and Complications

• Minor discomfort or irritation during sample collection.
• Rarely, slight spotting or bleeding.

Benefits

• Accurate diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis and vaginitis.
• Helps in selecting appropriate treatment.
• Minimizes the risk of misdiagnosis and improper treatment.

Recovery

• No specific recovery time required.
• Patients can return to normal activities immediately after the procedure.

Alternatives

• Microscopic examination of vaginal discharge.
• Culturing vaginal samples to grow and identify bacteria.
• These alternatives may be less accurate and take longer to yield results compared to quantitative real-time amplification.

Patient Experience

• Patients might experience slight discomfort during sample collection similar to a routine Pap smear.
• Any discomfort is typically brief and tolerable.
• Pain management is generally not necessary.