S37.431 Laceration of ovary, unilateral

Name of the Condition

• Laceration of ovary, unilateral

Summary

Laceration of the ovary, unilateral, refers to a tear or cut in one ovary, typically resulting from trauma. This condition involves disruption of ovarian tissue, which may lead to bleeding, pain, or impaired function. The severity depends on the extent of the laceration and whether associated structures are affected. Clinical presentation varies based on the force of impact and individual anatomy.

Causes

Blunt or penetrating trauma to the abdomen or pelvis, such as from motor vehicle accidents, falls, or assaults. Surgical procedures involving pelvic organs, including gynecologic surgeries, may also cause ovarian laceration. Direct impact to the lower abdomen or flank.

Risk Factors

• Participation in contact sports or activities with a high risk of abdominal or pelvic trauma.
• Pre-existing ovarian conditions, such as cysts or tumors, which may increase vulnerability to injury.
• Advanced age, which may reduce tissue resilience.
• Certain occupations or lifestyles involving physical risk.

Symptoms

• Pelvic or lower abdominal pain, often localized to the affected side.
• Vaginal bleeding or spotting.
• Nausea or vomiting.
• Tenderness or swelling in the pelvic region.
• Signs of shock in severe cases.

Diagnosis

Physical examination to assess tenderness, swelling, or external trauma. Imaging studies, such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, to visualize ovarian damage. Laboratory tests to evaluate blood loss or organ function.

Treatment Options

Conservative management with observation and pain control for minor injuries. Surgical intervention, such as laparoscopy or laparotomy, to repair or remove damaged tissue in severe cases. Blood transfusion if significant bleeding occurs.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Prognosis depends on the severity of the laceration and promptness of treatment. Most patients recover with appropriate care, but follow-up monitoring may be needed to assess ovarian function or detect complications. Long-term outcomes vary based on injury extent and associated damage.

Complications

Hemorrhage or internal bleeding requiring urgent intervention. Infection of the pelvic region. Impaired ovarian function or infertility. Formation of adhesions or cysts.

Lifestyle & Prevention

Avoid high-risk activities without proper protection. Use seat belts and follow safety protocols during travel. Maintain regular gynecologic check-ups to address pre-existing conditions. Seek prompt medical care for abdominal trauma.

When to Seek Professional Help

Severe abdominal pain, persistent bleeding, or signs of shock (e.g., dizziness, fainting). Worsening symptoms after initial injury. Suspected trauma to the pelvic region.

Tips for Medical Coders

Document the unilateral nature of the laceration and any associated trauma or procedures. Include details on imaging findings, surgical interventions, or complications to support code assignment. Ensure documentation aligns with clinical guidelines for accuracy.