S22.22 Fracture of body of sternum

Name of the Condition

• Fracture of body of sternum (ICD-10-CM Code: S22.22)

Summary

A fracture of the body of the sternum refers to a break in the central portion of the breastbone, the flat bone located in the middle of the chest. This segment connects to the ribs and plays a key role in protecting underlying organs. The condition typically results from direct trauma to the chest and may involve one or more segments of the sternum.

Causes

Commonly caused by blunt force trauma to the chest, such as from motor vehicle accidents, falls, or direct impacts during sports or physical altercations. Severe coughing or compression injuries can also lead to sternum fractures, particularly in individuals with weakened bones.

Risk Factors

• High-impact activities or contact sports.
• Advanced age, which may reduce bone density.
• Conditions like osteoporosis or osteopenia that weaken bone structure.
• Previous sternum injuries or surgeries.

Symptoms

• Pain and tenderness localized to the sternum.
• Swelling or bruising over the chest area.
• Difficulty breathing or pain during deep inhalation.
• Possible audible "pop" or crack at the time of injury.

Diagnosis

Physical examination to assess tenderness, swelling, or deformity. Imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs to confirm the fracture and evaluate for associated injuries (e.g., rib fractures or organ damage).

Treatment Options

• Pain Management: Use of analgesics or anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain.
• Rest and Immobilization: Limiting movement and physical activity to allow the bone to heal.
• Surgery: Rarely required but may be necessary in cases of severe fractures or if there is a risk of damaging underlying organs.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Most fractures of the sternum body heal with time and conservative care. Follow-up imaging may be recommended to ensure proper healing. Patients should avoid strenuous activity until cleared by a healthcare provider.

Complications

• Delayed healing or nonunion.
• Damage to nearby structures, such as the heart or lungs.
• Chronic pain or discomfort.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Wear protective gear during high-risk activities.
• Maintain bone health through a balanced diet and regular exercise.
• Avoid smoking, which can weaken bones.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe chest pain, difficulty breathing, or signs of internal injury after trauma.

Tips for Medical Coders

Document the specific location of the fracture (body of sternum) and any associated injuries. Ensure the code S22.22 is used when the fracture is localized to the central portion of the sternum, not the manubrium or xiphoid process.