Name of the Condition

• Spondylolisthesis, site unspecified
• Also known as anterior displacement of a vertebra.

Summary

Spondylolisthesis is a condition in which one of the vertebrae slips out of its proper position onto the vertebra below it. It can lead to back pain and nerve compression, but its severity can range from mild to severe depending on the degree of displacement.

Causes

• Degenerative changes in the spine associated with aging.
• Genetic predisposition to weak or defective vertebrae.
• Trauma or injury that impacts the spinal column.
• In some cases, congenital abnormalities of the spine.

Risk Factors

• Older age increases susceptibility due to degenerative changes.
• Participation in sports that put stress on the lower back, such as gymnastics or football.
• A family history of spinal problems may predispose individuals.
• Presence of conditions like arthritis.

Symptoms

• Lower back pain that may extend to the buttocks or thighs.
• Muscle spasms and stiffness in the back.
• Numbness or tingling sensations down the legs.
• Pain that worsens with activity or standing for prolonged periods.

Diagnosis

• Physical examination assessing posture, range of motion, and neurological function.
• Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to visualize the extent of vertebral slippage.

Treatment Options

• Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen back muscles and improve flexibility.
• Medications: Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs to manage discomfort.
• Bracing: Use of a brace to support the spine.
• Surgery: In severe cases, a surgical procedure may be performed to realign the spine and relieve pressure on nerves.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• The prognosis varies depending on the severity. Many individuals manage symptoms successfully with conservative treatments.
• Regular follow-up appointments are crucial to monitor progression and adjust treatment plans as necessary.

Complications

• Chronic back pain.
• Nerve damage leading to weakness or numbness in the legs.
• Loss of bladder or bowel control in severe cases of nerve compression.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Maintain a healthy weight and engage in regular physical activity.
• Practice good posture and use proper techniques for lifting heavy objects.
• Strengthen core muscles through exercises to support the spine.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Persistent back pain that does not improve with rest.
• New onset of numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs.
• Difficulty controlling bowel or bladder function.

Additional Resources

• American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS)
• National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
• [Spondylolisthesis Support Groups Online]

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure the condition is coded with specificity given that the site is unspecified. Use additional codes if other sites are documented.
• Verify the diagnosis with clinical documentation to avoid mistaking it for similar spinal conditions like spondylosis or spondylitis.