Name of the Condition

• Spondylolisthesis, lumbar region
• Also known as lumbar spondylolisthesis.

Summary

• Spondylolisthesis in the lumbar region is a condition where one of the lumbar vertebrae slips forward over the bone below it. This can cause pain and may affect the alignment of the spine.

Causes

• The condition can be caused by degenerative changes in the spine, congenital spine defects, injuries, or stress fractures from repetitive activities.

Risk Factors

• Age, especially in older adults due to degenerative changes.
• Family history of spine issues.
• Engaging in sports or activities that overly stress the lower back.

Symptoms

• Lower back pain, stiffness, or tenderness.
• Pain radiating down the legs (sciatica).
• Muscle spasms.
• Numbness or weakness in the legs.

Diagnosis

• Physical examination to check range of motion and pain in the back.
• Imaging tests like X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to view the vertebral alignment.

Treatment Options

• Non-surgical treatments: Physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, and possibly corticosteroid injections to manage pain and inflammation.
• Surgical options: In severe cases, decompression surgery or spinal fusion to stabilize the vertebrae.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• Many patients improve with conservative treatment. Regular follow-ups are necessary to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as needed.

Complications

• If untreated, spondylolisthesis can lead to chronic pain, nerve damage, or increased spinal instability.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Regular low-impact exercise to strengthen the back muscles.
• Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce stress on the spine.
• Using proper body mechanics to avoid spine strain during activities.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Persistent or worsening back or leg pain.
• Sudden onset of numbness or weakness in the legs.
• Loss of bladder or bowel control, which requires immediate medical attention.

Additional Resources

• American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS)
• Spondylolisthesis Association

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure the code M43.16 is used specifically for the lumbar region of spondylolisthesis.
• Pay attention to documentation indicating the specific spinal region to avoid coding errors, as spondylolisthesis can occur in different parts of the spine.