K55.02 Acute infarction of small intestine

Name of the Condition

• Acute Infarction of Small Intestine
• ICD-10 Code: K55.02

Summary

Acute infarction of the small intestine is a sudden, severe reduction in blood flow leading to tissue death (infarction) in the small bowel. This condition requires urgent medical attention to prevent life-threatening complications.

Causes

Sudden occlusion of blood vessels supplying the small intestine, such as arterial or venous thrombosis, embolism, or non-occlusive ischemia, can cause infarction. Underlying mechanisms may include blockages, reduced perfusion, or vascular compression.

Risk Factors

• Advanced age.
• Cardiovascular disease.
• Recent abdominal surgery or trauma.
• Dehydration or hypotension.
• Medications affecting blood flow.

Symptoms

• Sudden, severe abdominal pain.
• Nausea or vomiting.
• Bloody stools or melena.
• Abdominal distension.
• Fever or signs of infection.

Diagnosis

Clinical evaluation, imaging (e.g., CT angiography), and laboratory tests help identify vascular compromise. Endoscopy may assess mucosal integrity, and Doppler ultrasound or angiography can confirm infarction.

Treatment Options

• Restoring blood flow through medications or interventions.
• Surgical repair for severe cases.
• Supportive care, including fluid management and infection control.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Outcomes depend on early intervention and underlying causes. Regular monitoring is essential to detect recurrence or complications.

Complications

• Intestinal necrosis or perforation.
• Sepsis.
• Bowel obstruction.
• Long-term digestive issues.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Manage cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension, diabetes).
• Stay hydrated, especially during illness or after surgery.
• Avoid medications that may reduce blood flow to the intestines without medical guidance.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek immediate medical care for sudden, severe abdominal pain, especially with vomiting, bloody stools, or fever.

Tips for Medical Coders

Document the clinical findings supporting acute infarction, including imaging or endoscopic results. Ensure the code K55.02 is used when the condition is confirmed and not confused with reversible ischemia or other vascular disorders.