K55.04 Acute infarction of large intestine

Name of the Condition

• Acute Infarction of Large Intestine
• ICD-10 Code: K55.04

Summary

Acute infarction of the large intestine is a sudden, severe reduction in blood flow leading to tissue death (infarction) in the colon. This condition requires urgent medical attention to prevent life-threatening complications.

Causes

Sudden occlusion of blood vessels supplying the large intestine, such as arterial or venous thrombosis, embolism, or non-occlusive ischemia, can cause infarction. Underlying mechanisms may include blockages, reduced perfusion, or vascular compression.

Risk Factors

• Advanced age.
• Cardiovascular disease.
• Recent abdominal surgery or trauma.
• Dehydration or hypotension.
• Medications affecting blood flow.

Symptoms

• Sudden, severe abdominal pain.
• Nausea or vomiting.
• Bloody stools or melena.
• Abdominal distension.
• Fever or signs of infection.

Diagnosis

Clinical evaluation, imaging (e.g., CT angiography), and laboratory tests help identify vascular compromise. Endoscopy may assess mucosal integrity, and Doppler ultrasound or angiography can confirm infarction.

Treatment Options

• Restoring blood flow through medications or interventions.
• Surgical repair for severe cases.
• Supportive care, including fluid management and infection control.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Outcomes depend on early intervention and underlying causes. Regular monitoring is essential to detect recurrence or complications.

Complications

• Intestinal necrosis or perforation.
• Sepsis or systemic infection.
• Chronic bowel dysfunction.
• Increased risk of future vascular events.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Manage cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension, diabetes).
• Stay hydrated, especially during illness or heat exposure.
• Avoid medications that reduce blood flow to the intestines (e.g., certain vasoconstrictors) unless medically necessary.
• Promptly address abdominal pain or changes in bowel habits.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek immediate medical care for sudden, severe abdominal pain, bloody stools, or signs of infection (e.g., fever, chills). Early evaluation is critical to prevent irreversible damage.

Tips for Medical Coders

Document the location (large intestine) and acuity (acute) to support code assignment. Include details on vascular etiology (e.g., thrombosis, embolism) and clinical findings (e.g., necrosis, ischemia) to clarify the diagnosis. Ensure documentation aligns with the specific characteristics of acute infarction versus other vascular disorders of the intestine.