Name of the Condition

• Chronic Periodontitis, Generalized, Severe
• Also known as severe generalized periodontitis.

Summary

Chronic periodontitis is a serious gum infection that damages soft tissue and destroys the bone supporting teeth. When generalized and severe, this condition affects most teeth and leads to tooth loss if untreated. It is a common cause of tooth loss in adults and can have implications for overall health.

Causes

Chronic periodontitis is primarily caused by the accumulation of plaque—a film of bacteria that forms on teeth. Poor oral hygiene allows plaque to harden into tartar, which exacerbates gum inflammation and infection. Genetics, smoking, and certain systemic diseases can also contribute to its development.

Risk Factors

• Smoking or tobacco use
• Poor oral hygiene
• Diabetes and certain systemic diseases
• Genetic predisposition
• Advanced age
• Stress
• Inadequate nutrition

Symptoms

• Swollen, red, or bleeding gums
• Receding gums
• Persistent bad breath
• Loose or shifting teeth
• Changes in bite or fitting of dental appliances

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of methods:

• Dental examination and probing of gums
• Dental X-rays to assess bone loss
• Review of medical history and lifestyle factors

Treatment Options

• Scaling and root planing: Deep cleaning procedure to remove plaque and tartar from below the gumline.
• Antibiotics: Oral or topical medications to control bacterial infection.
• Surgery: Flap surgery or bone and tissue grafts in more advanced cases to restore supportive structures.
• Ongoing care: Regular professional cleanings and improved oral hygiene practices.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

With proper treatment, chronic periodontitis can be managed, and progression of the disease can be halted. Regular dental visits and maintaining oral hygiene are crucial to prevent recurrence. If untreated, it may lead to tooth loss and other systemic issues.

Complications

• Tooth loss
• Increased risk of cardiovascular disease
• Potential link with diabetes management issues
• Impact on overall health and immune function

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Consistent and proper brushing and flossing
• Regular dental check-ups and cleanings
• Quitting smoking
• Maintaining a healthy diet
• Managing underlying health conditions

When to Seek Professional Help

• Persistent bleeding gums
• Severe bad breath or taste in the mouth
• Significant gum recession or loosening of teeth
• Any sudden changes in dental health

Additional Resources

• American Academy of Periodontology (perio.org)
• National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (nidcr.nih.gov)

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure documentation specifies the condition as chronic periodontitis, generalized, and severe.
• Avoid confusion with other forms of periodontitis by confirming the generalized and severe nature of the condition.
• Cross-reference relevant patient history and treatment plans for accurate coding.