Name of the Condition

• Chronic Periodontitis, Unspecified
• Also known simply as chronic gum disease.

Summary

Chronic periodontitis is a common inflammatory condition that affects the soft and hard structures supporting the teeth. This condition leads to progressive gum destruction, causing detachment from the teeth, and may eventually lead to tooth loss if untreated.

Causes

Chronic periodontitis is primarily caused by the accumulation of plaque—a sticky, bacteria-laden film that forms on teeth. Poor oral hygiene practices facilitate excessive plaque buildup, which can progress into periodontitis.

Risk Factors

• Poor oral hygiene
• Smoking or tobacco use
• Genetic predisposition
• Diabetes and other systemic health conditions
• Certain medications that reduce saliva flow
• Stress and hormonal changes
• Age, particularly in older adults

Symptoms

• Red, swollen, or tender gums
• Bleeding during brushing or flossing
• Gum recession, resulting in longer-looking teeth
• Persistent bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth
• Loose or shifting teeth
• Formation of deep pockets between the teeth and gums

Diagnosis

• Visual examination of the gums
• Measuring the depth of pockets around the teeth using a periodontal probe
• Dental X-rays to assess bone loss
• Reviewing medical history to identify potential risk factors

Treatment Options

• Scaling and Root Planing: A deep-cleaning procedure to remove plaque and calculus from beneath the gum line.
• Antibiotic Therapy: Topical or systemic antibiotics to reduce bacteria.
• Surgery: In advanced cases, surgical interventions like flap surgery or bone grafting might be needed.
• Maintenance: Ongoing dental cleanings and good oral hygiene to prevent progression.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

With timely and appropriate treatment, the progression of chronic periodontitis can be slowed or halted. Regular dental check-ups and maintenance are essential to monitor and manage the condition effectively.

Complications

If left untreated, chronic periodontitis can lead to severe gum damage, jawbone deterioration, and tooth loss. It may also be associated with systemic health issues, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes complications.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Maintain diligent oral hygiene, including brushing twice a day and flossing daily.
• Regular dental visits for cleanings and check-ups.
• Quit smoking and avoid tobacco products.
• Control systemic conditions like diabetes through proper medical care and lifestyle choices.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek dental professional assistance if you notice persistent gum bleeding, swelling, or other symptoms like loose teeth or gum recession.

Additional Resources

• American Academy of Periodontology (www.perio.org)
• National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (www.nidcr.nih.gov)

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure the specificity of the condition is documented; chronic periodontitis is often specified by the extent or severity.
• Cross-reference with the patient's history for a comprehensive understanding.
• Be vigilant of common errors such as confusing with related codes for gingivitis or acute periodontitis.