Name of the Procedure:

Gingivectomy
Common names: Gum surgery, Gum reshaping
Technical/medical terms: Excision gingiva, Gingivoplasty

Summary

A gingivectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal (excision) of gum tissue (gingiva) in each quadrant of the mouth. This procedure is often used to treat periodontal disease or to reshape the gums for aesthetic reasons.

Purpose

Addresses: Periodontal (gum) disease, overgrown gum tissue, gummy smile.
Goals: To remove diseased or excessive gum tissue, improve oral hygiene, and enhance the aesthetic appearance of the gums.

Indications

Indications for the procedure include:

• Chronic periodontal disease unresponsive to non-surgical treatment
• Overgrown gums due to medication or medical conditions
• Excessive gum tissue creating a "gummy smile"
• To expose more of the teeth's surface for dental restorations

Preparation

• Fasting is usually not required.
• Adjustments to medications might be prescribed.
• Pre-procedure assessment typically includes a dental examination and X-rays.

Procedure Description

1. Anesthesia: Local anesthesia is administered to numb the area.
2. Incision: Using a surgical scalpel, laser, or electrocautery, the surgeon makes precise incisions to remove the gum tissue.
3. Reshaping: The remaining gum tissue is contoured to achieve a natural appearance.
4. Cleaning: The area is cleaned to remove bacteria and debris.
5. Sutures: If necessary, sutures may be placed to secure the gum tissue. Tools used include scalpels, lasers, electrocautery devices, and antibacterial solutions.

Duration

The procedure typically takes between 30 minutes to an hour per quadrant.

Setting

A gingivectomy is usually performed in a dental office, outpatient clinic, or surgical center.

Personnel

• Dentist or periodontist (specialist in gum diseases)
• Dental assistants or hygienists

Risks and Complications

Common risks: Bleeding, swelling, infection, and pain at the surgical site.
Rare risks: Prolonged bleeding, adverse reaction to anesthesia, and excessive removal of gum tissue leading to sensitivity.

Benefits

• Improved oral health by removing diseased tissue.
• Enhanced aesthetic appearance of the gums.
• Reduced risk of further periodontal disease.

Recovery

• Post-procedure: Soft diet, good oral hygiene, use of antiseptic mouthwash, and possibly pain relievers.
• Expected recovery time: 1 to 2 weeks.
• Restrictions: Avoid smoking, alcohol, and strenuous activities.
• Follow-up: Scheduled visit for suture removal and progress evaluation.

Alternatives

• Non-surgical treatments (scaling and root planing)
• Antibiotic therapy
• Laser therapy
• Pros: Non-invasive alternatives may have fewer risks.
• Cons: Non-surgical treatments may not be as effective for advanced cases.

Patient Experience

During the procedure: Patients typically feel no pain due to local anesthesia but might feel pressure.
After the procedure: Some discomfort, swelling, and minor bleeding are common. Pain management includes prescribed painkillers and cold compresses. Patients should expect to follow a soft diet and maintain gentle oral hygiene practices during the recovery period.