K08.424 Partial loss of teeth due to periodontal diseases, class IV

Name of the Condition

• Partial Loss of Teeth Due to Periodontal Diseases, Class IV (ICD-10-CM Code: K08.424)

Summary

Partial loss of teeth due to periodontal diseases, class IV, represents an advanced stage of tooth loss resulting from severe gum disease. This condition involves extensive destruction of the periodontal tissues and supporting bone, leading to the loosening and loss of multiple teeth. The classification indicates a specific severity level within the broader category of periodontal-related tooth loss.

Causes

Periodontal disease, driven by bacterial plaque and tartar accumulation, is the primary cause. Untreated gingivitis can advance to periodontitis, where inflammation and infection damage the gums, ligaments, and jawbone. Contributing factors include poor oral hygiene, inadequate dental care, and systemic conditions that impair immune response or tissue healing.

Risk Factors

• Smoking or tobacco use
• Chronic systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes)
• Genetic predisposition to periodontal disease
• Poor oral hygiene practices
• Advanced age
• Certain medications affecting gum health

Symptoms

• Noticeable gaps or missing teeth
• Persistent gum inflammation or bleeding
• Receding gums exposing tooth roots
• Difficulty chewing or speaking
• Loose or shifting teeth
• Bad breath (halitosis)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis requires a comprehensive dental examination, including probing for gum pocket depth and assessing tooth mobility. Dental X-rays may be used to evaluate bone loss around teeth. Clinical findings of severe periodontal disease and tooth loss confirm the condition.

Treatment Options

• Professional dental cleaning to remove plaque and tartar
• Scaling and root planing for deeper cleaning
• Antibiotics to control infection
• Surgery in severe cases (e.g., flap surgery or bone grafts)
• Tooth replacement options (e.g., implants, bridges, dentures)

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Prognosis depends on the extent of tissue and bone damage. Early intervention can slow progression, but advanced cases may require ongoing management. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene are essential for maintaining remaining teeth and preventing further loss.

Complications

• Further tooth loss
• Difficulty eating or speaking
• Jawbone deterioration
• Increased risk of systemic infections
• Reduced quality of life

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Maintain good oral hygiene (brushing, flossing)
• Quit smoking or avoid tobacco use
• Manage systemic conditions (e.g., diabetes)
• Regular dental cleanings and check-ups
• Balanced diet to support gum health

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek dental care if you experience persistent gum bleeding, loose teeth, or difficulty chewing. Early evaluation can prevent further damage and tooth loss.

Tips for Medical Coders

Use K08.424 for cases of partial tooth loss due to periodontal diseases classified as class IV. Document the severity of periodontal disease and the extent of tooth loss to support accurate coding. Ensure clinical notes specify the class IV classification for proper code assignment.