B30 Viral conjunctivitis

Name of the Condition

• Viral conjunctivitis

Summary

Viral conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye and inner eyelid, caused by viral infections. It is often referred to as "pink eye" due to the reddish appearance of the eyes and is highly contagious.

Causes

Viral conjunctivitis is typically caused by adenoviruses, which are common respiratory viruses. It can also result from other viruses, such as enteroviruses or herpes simplex virus. Transmission occurs through direct contact with infected eye secretions or respiratory droplets.

Risk Factors

• Close contact with infected individuals.
• Crowded environments like schools or daycare centers.
• Poor hand hygiene practices.
• Recent upper respiratory infections or colds.
• Use of contact lenses with inadequate hygiene.

Symptoms

• Redness in one or both eyes.
• Watery or clear discharge.
• Itching or burning sensation.
• Gritty feeling in the eye.
• Swollen eyelids.
• Sensitivity to light.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical examination and patient history. A healthcare provider may assess symptoms and rule out bacterial or allergic causes. In some cases, swabs of eye discharge may be taken for laboratory testing to confirm the viral etiology.

Treatment Options

• Symptomatic relief with lubricating eye drops (artificial tears) to reduce dryness and discomfort.
• Cold compresses to alleviate swelling and irritation.
• Antiviral medications are rarely required unless caused by herpes simplex virus.
• Most cases resolve within 1–2 weeks without specific treatment.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Viral conjunctivitis is usually self-limiting and resolves on its own. Follow-up may be recommended if symptoms worsen or persist beyond two weeks. Patients should avoid close contact with others during the acute phase to prevent spread.

Complications

• Corneal inflammation (keratitis) in severe or prolonged cases.
• Secondary bacterial infection.
• Persistent eye irritation or dryness.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Practice frequent handwashing, especially after touching the eyes.
• Avoid sharing personal items like towels or makeup.
• Disinfect surfaces and objects that may come into contact with the eyes.
• Stay home from work or school until symptoms improve to prevent transmission.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen, include severe pain, vision changes, or light sensitivity, or if discharge becomes thick or yellow (suggesting bacterial infection).

Tips for Medical Coders

Document the clinical presentation, including onset, duration, and associated symptoms (e.g., respiratory infection). Note any testing performed to confirm the viral etiology. Ensure the code B30 is used for viral conjunctivitis without further specification, as it represents the general category.