Commonly known as Viral Conjunctivitis; also referred to as "pink eye."
Summary
Viral conjunctivitis is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane covering the white part of the eyeball and the inner eyelid. It is often termed "pink eye" due to the reddish or pink appearance it gives the eyes. It is highly contagious.
Causes
Viral conjunctivitis is typically caused by viruses, most commonly adenoviruses. It can also occur as part of a systemic viral infection such as a cold or flu.
Risk Factors
Close contact with infected individuals
Crowded environments like schools or daycare centers
Poor hand hygiene
Seasonal allergies and recent upper respiratory infections
Symptoms
Red or pink discoloration of the eyes
Watery discharge from the eyes
Itching or burning sensation
Gritty feeling in the eye
Swollen eyelids
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical examination of the eye and patient history.
In some cases, swabs may be taken for laboratory analysis to rule out bacterial infections.
Treatment Options
Viral conjunctivitis is often self-limiting; symptoms may resolve within one to two weeks without specific treatment.
Artificial tears and cold compresses may alleviate symptoms.
Antiviral medication is rarely required unless associated with a herpes simplex virus.
Prognosis and Follow-Up
The outlook for viral conjunctivitis is generally good, with most cases resolving without complications.
Follow-up is typically not necessary unless symptoms persist beyond two weeks or worsen.
Complications
Secondary bacterial infection
Corneal involvement leading to keratitis, which may require medical treatment
Lifestyle & Prevention
Practice good hygiene, including frequent hand washing.
Avoid touching or rubbing the eyes.
Avoid sharing personal items such as towels or cosmetics.
Disinfect surfaces in common areas to prevent the spread of infection.