Name of the Condition

• Cytomegaloviral mononucleosis with other complication
• CMV mononucleosis with complications

Summary

Cytomegaloviral mononucleosis is an illness caused by the cytomegalovirus (CMV), which leads to symptoms similar to infectious mononucleosis. In some cases, it is accompanied by other complications that can affect various parts of the body, leading to more severe health issues.

Causes

Cytomegaloviral mononucleosis is caused by an infection with the cytomegalovirus, which is a common virus belonging to the herpesvirus family. It is spread through bodily fluids such as saliva, blood, urine, semen, and breast milk.

Risk Factors

• Having a weakened immune system (e.g., due to HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy, or organ transplantation)
• Being in close contact with young children who shed the virus
• Working in healthcare or childcare settings

Symptoms

• Fever
• Fatigue
• Sore throat
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Muscle aches
• Complications can lead to symptoms specific to affected organs, such as pneumonia or hepatitis

Diagnosis

• Blood tests to detect CMV antibodies or DNA
• Complete blood count to check for atypical lymphocytes
• Imaging studies if complications are suspected (e.g., chest X-ray for pneumonia)

Treatment Options

• Antiviral medications such as ganciclovir or valganciclovir, primarily used in severe cases or in patients with immune suppression
• Symptomatic treatments including rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers
• Management of specific complications by addressing the involved organs

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• Many people recover fully with time and supportive care, but recovery may take several weeks.
• Individuals with complications or weakened immune systems may experience prolonged illness and require regular monitoring.

Complications

• Pneumonia
• Hepatitis
• Gastrointestinal issues
• Neurological problems
• Organ-specific damages leading to more complex clinical scenarios

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Regular hand washing to prevent the spread of CMV
• Avoiding sharing utensils or drinks with those who might be infected
• Safe practices in healthcare and childcare environments
• For immunocompromised individuals, possibly prophylactic antiviral medications

When to Seek Professional Help

• Persistent high fever
• Severe or worsening symptoms
• Signs of organ involvement, such as jaundice or difficulty breathing

Additional Resources

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - CMV Information
• National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases - CMV Resources
• Support groups for patients with chronic viral conditions

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure accurate documentation of any specific complications associated with cytomegaloviral mononucleosis.
• Double-check the code B27.19 when additional complications are indicated.
• Be vigilant about distinguishing primary CMV infection from reactivation, especially in context with other codes for immune status.