Name of the Procedure:

Robotic-Assisted Surgery
Technical Term: Surgical techniques requiring use of robotic surgical system (HCPCS Code S2900)

Summary

Robotic-assisted surgery uses advanced robotic systems to aid surgeons in performing complex procedures with greater precision, flexibility, and control than conventional techniques. This technology enhances a surgeon's capabilities by providing a 3D view and magnified, tremor-free movements.

Purpose

Robotic-assisted surgery addresses a wide range of medical conditions that require surgical intervention, such as cancer removal, cardiac issues, and urological conditions. The primary goals are to improve surgical precision, minimize tissue damage, reduce postoperative pain, and speed up recovery times.

Indications

• Diagnosis or treatment of cancerous tumors
• Complex cardiac procedures
• Urological conditions like prostate cancer
• Gynecological surgeries, including hysterectomies
• General surgeries such as hernia repairs and gallbladder removals Appropriate for patients who are suitable candidates for minimally invasive procedures and where enhanced precision is beneficial.

Preparation

Patients may need to fast for a specific period before surgery and may have to stop certain medications. Preoperative assessments typically include blood tests, imaging studies, and possibly consultations with anesthesiologists.

Procedure Description

1. Anesthesia: The patient is given general anesthesia.
2. Incisions: Small incisions are made for the entry of robotic instruments.
3. Placement of Robotic Arms: Robotic arms are inserted through the incisions.
4. Surgeon's Console: The surgeon controls the robotic arms from a console, using hand and foot controls to manipulate the instruments.
5. Procedure Execution: The robotic system translates the surgeon's movements into highly precise actions on a micro scale.
6. Closure: Once the procedure is completed, the instruments are removed, and incisions are closed.

Duration

The procedure duration varies depending on the complexity but typically ranges from 2 to 6 hours.

Setting

Robotic-assisted surgeries are performed in hospitals, particularly in specialized surgical suites equipped with robotic systems.

Personnel

• Lead Surgeon
• Surgical Assistants
• Anesthesiologist
• Operating Room Nurses
• Robotic System Technicians

Risks and Complications

• Common risks: Infection, bleeding, and reactions to anesthesia
• Rare complications: Injury to surrounding organs, mechanical failure of the robotic system, or prolonged operation time if robotic assistance is required

Benefits

Patients often experience less postoperative pain, minimal scarring, shorter hospital stays, quicker return to normal activities, and lower risk of complications compared to traditional open surgery.

Recovery

Post-procedure care includes pain management, wound care, and gradual reintroduction to daily activities. Recovery time can range from a few days to a few weeks, with follow-up appointments to monitor healing and progress.

Alternatives

• Traditional open surgery: Involves larger incisions and longer recovery times
• Laparoscopic surgery: Less invasive but may lack the precision and flexibility of robotic systems
• Non-surgical treatments: Medication or lifestyle changes depending on the condition being treated

Patient Experience

Patients might experience discomfort or pain post-surgery, managed effectively through medications. Most patients report minimal scarring and a quicker return to daily routines. Comfort measures, such as detailed preoperative instructions and postoperative support, are integral to enhancing the overall patient experience.