Name of the Procedure:

Computer-assisted musculoskeletal surgical navigational orthopedic procedure, with image-guidance based on CT/MRI images

Summary

This procedure utilizes advanced computer technology to assist surgeons in performing precise musculoskeletal surgeries using CT or MRI images for guidance.

Purpose

This procedure addresses various musculoskeletal conditions requiring surgical intervention, such as complex fractures, joint replacements, and spinal surgeries. The goal is to enhance surgical precision, reduce errors, and improve patient outcomes.

Indications

• Complex bone fractures
• Joint replacements (e.g., hip, knee)
• Spinal surgeries (e.g., scoliosis correction, spinal fusion)
• Conditions where precision in bone resection or alignment is critical

Preparation

• Fasting as instructed, usually 6-8 hours before surgery
• Medication adjustments as per medical advice, particularly blood thinners
• Preoperative CT or MRI scans to create a detailed map of the surgical site
• Preoperative assessment including blood tests, physical examination, and possibly ECG

Procedure Description

1. Pre-Surgical Imaging: High-resolution CT or MRI scans are taken to map the affected area.
2. Planning: The surgeon uses specialized software to plan the surgical approach.
3. Navigation Setup: During surgery, the computer-assisted navigation system continuously tracks the patient’s anatomy using the preoperative images.
4. Surgical Execution: Surgeons use real-time guidance from the navigation system to perform precise bone cuts, implant placements, or alignments.
5. Verification: Post-procedure imaging may be done to verify the accuracy of the surgical outcome.

Tools and Equipment:

• CT/MRI machine for imaging
• Computer navigation system
• Standard orthopedic surgical instruments
• Operating room setup

Anesthesia: General or regional anesthesia, depending on the specific surgery.

Duration

Typically between 1 to 4 hours, varying based on the complexity of the surgery.

Setting

Performed in a hospital operating room or specialized surgical center equipped with the necessary imaging and navigation technology.

Personnel

• Orthopedic surgeon
• Surgical nurses
• Anesthesiologist
• Radiology technicians (for imaging)
• Operating room assistants

Risks and Complications

• Infection
• Bleeding
• Nerve or blood vessel damage
• Anesthesia-related risks
• Technical issues with navigation system
• Poorly positioned implants or devices, though less likely with navigation

Benefits

• Increased surgical precision
• Reduced surgical errors and complications
• Improved functional outcomes and alignment
• Decreased recovery time in some cases

Recovery

• Post-procedure hospital stay varies from a few days to a week
• Pain management with medications
• Wound care and possible physical therapy
• Restrictions on certain activities for a few weeks
• Follow-up appointments to monitor healing and progress

Alternatives

• Conventional orthopedic surgery without navigational aid; while effective, it may lack the precision of computer-assisted methods.
• Non-surgical treatments like physical therapy or pharmacological management, depending on the condition.
• Minimally invasive surgery options, where applicable.

Pros and Cons of Alternatives:

• Conventional surgery may involve higher risk of human error.
• Non-surgical treatments may not be effective for all conditions and might only provide temporary relief.
• Minimally invasive surgeries, while less disruptive, may still require advanced technology for complex conditions.

Patient Experience

• During the procedure, the patient will be under anesthesia and should not feel pain.
• Postoperative discomfort is managed with pain relief medications.
• Patients may feel groggy initially after surgery and may have limited mobility for a short period.
• Over time, increased precision of the surgery often results in better functional outcomes and reduced pain.