Name of the Procedure:

Common name: Factor VIII Infusion Technical term: Factor VIII (Antihemophilic Factor, Recombinant) per I.U., not otherwise specified (J7192)

Summary

A Factor VIII infusion is a medical procedure where a recombinant form of the blood-clotting protein Factor VIII is administered to individuals with hemophilia A. This helps manage or prevent bleeding episodes by increasing the levels of Factor VIII in the blood.

Purpose

This procedure is used to manage and treat hemophilia A, a genetic disorder where blood doesn't clot properly due to low levels of Factor VIII. The goal is to prevent or control bleeding episodes, which can be life-threatening or lead to serious complications.

Indications

• Diagnosed with hemophilia A
• Experiencing or at risk for a bleeding episode
• Pre-surgical preparation to prevent excessive bleeding
• Regular prophylactic treatment to reduce bleeding frequency

Preparation

• No specific fasting required
• Ensure all relevant vaccines are up to date
• Blood tests to determine current Factor VIII levels
• No recent signs of active infection

Procedure Description

1. Patient’s medical history reviewed and current Factor VIII levels checked.
2. IV line is placed, usually in the arm.
3. The recombinant Factor VIII solution is prepared.
4. The infusion is administered slowly through the IV line.
5. Vital signs monitored throughout the infusion.
6. Entire process takes place under sterile conditions to prevent infection.

Duration

The infusion itself generally takes about 10-30 minutes, depending on the dose required.

Setting

Typically performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or at home under supervision where home infusion services are available.

Personnel

• Hematologists
• Registered nurses experienced in IV infusions
• Possibly a home healthcare provider if done at home

Risks and Complications

• Allergic reactions, although rare
• Development of inhibitors (antibodies) that neutralize Factor VIII
• Infection at the infusion site
• Mild side effects like headache, fever, or chills

Benefits

• Reduced frequency and severity of bleeding episodes
• Improved quality of life
• Decreased risk of joint damage and other bleeding-related complications

Recovery

• Typically, no significant downtime required
• Observe the infusion site for any signs of infection
• Follow-up blood tests to monitor Factor VIII levels
• Avoid strenuous physical activities for 24 hours

Alternatives

• Plasma-derived Factor VIII infusions
• Antifibrinolytic agents to help stabilize clots
• Gene therapy, still in experimental stages
• Pros: Some alternatives may cause fewer immune reactions.
• Cons: May not be as effective or convenient as recombinant Factor VIII.

Patient Experience

• Mild discomfort from IV needle insertion
• Most patients feel normal during and after the procedure
• Pain management: Rarely needed, but mild analgesics like acetaminophen may be used for infusion site pain
• Important to stay hydrated and follow all post-infusion care instructions.