87634 Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); respiratory syncytial virus, amplified probe technique

Name of the Procedure:

Infectious Agent Detection by Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA); Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Amplified Probe Technique

Summary

This test detects the presence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in a patient's sample using advanced techniques to amplify and identify viral DNA or RNA. It is a precise and rapid method to determine if RSV is causing respiratory symptoms.

Purpose

This procedure aims to diagnose infections caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), which primarily affects the respiratory system. Detecting RSV can help healthcare providers tailor treatment plans, manage symptoms, and prevent the spread of the virus.

Indications

• Symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, difficulty breathing, and high fever.
• Infants, young children, elderly, or immunocompromised patients showing signs of severe respiratory illness.
• Outbreaks of respiratory illnesses in community settings, like schools or nursing homes.

Preparation

• No special preparation such as fasting or medication adjustment is typically required for this test.
• The patient may need to provide a respiratory sample, such as a nasal swab or throat swab.
• Inform the healthcare provider of any current medications or underlying health conditions.

Procedure Description

1. A healthcare professional collects a respiratory sample from the patient, usually using a swab to take a sample from the nose or throat.
2. The sample is sent to a laboratory.
3. In the lab, the sample undergoes nucleic acid amplification to increase the amount of viral DNA or RNA present if RSV is detected.
4. A probe technique is used to identify the specific genetic material of RSV.
5. Results are analyzed and reported back to the healthcare provider.

• Tools/Technology Used: Swabs, reagents for nucleic acid amplification (PCR), probes for detection.
• No anesthesia or sedation is required.

Duration

The sample collection takes a few minutes. Laboratory analysis can take several hours to a day, depending on the facility.

Setting

Performed in various settings including hospitals, outpatient clinics, or specialized laboratory facilities.

Personnel

• Sample collection by nurses, medical assistants, or healthcare providers.
• Laboratory technicians or molecular biologists conduct the analysis.

Risks and Complications

• Minimal risks associated with sample collection (e.g., mild discomfort or gag reflex during throat swab).
• Rare risks could include contamination or inadequate sample collection which may require re-testing.

Benefits

• Accurate and rapid diagnosis of RSV.
• Helps in guiding appropriate medical treatment and infection control measures.
• Reduces unnecessary use of antibiotics.

Recovery

• No recovery time needed as it is a non-invasive test.
• Patients can resume normal activities immediately after sample collection.
• Follow-up with healthcare provider based on test results and symptoms.

Alternatives

• Other diagnostic tests like antigen detection tests or viral cultures.
• Chest X-rays or blood tests may be used to assess the severity of illness but are not specific for RSV detection.
• Alternative methods are generally less sensitive or take longer to yield results compared to nucleic acid amplification.

Patient Experience

• Mild discomfort during sample collection, particularly if a nasal or throat swab is used.
• Minimal pain involved, and no significant discomfort post-procedure.
• Healthcare personnel may provide comfort measures or instructions to ease anxiety during sample collection.