Name of the Procedure:

Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Neisseria gonorrhoeae, quantification. Common names: Gonorrhea DNA Test, Gonorrhea RNA Test, Neisseria gonorrhoeae Quantitative PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction).

Summary

This procedure uses advanced molecular techniques to detect and quantify the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the bacteria causing gonorrhea, by analyzing the DNA or RNA from a sample, typically taken from a bodily fluid or tissue.

Purpose

Addresses the detection and measurement of bacterial load in individuals suspected of having gonorrhea. The goal is to diagnose the infection accurately, determine its severity, and guide appropriate treatment.

Indications

• Symptoms suggestive of gonorrhea, such as abnormal genital discharge, burning sensation during urination, or pelvic pain.
• Patients with sexual partners diagnosed with gonorrhea.
• Screening in individuals at high risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Preparation

• No specific fasting or medication adjustments are typically required.
• Patients may be instructed to avoid urinating for at least 1-2 hours before sample collection.
• A detailed medical and sexual history is often taken before the procedure.

Procedure Description

1. Sample Collection: A swab is taken from the affected area, such as the genital region, throat, or rectum. Occasionally, a urine sample may be used.
2. Laboratory Testing: The sample is sent to a laboratory where nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) such as PCR are performed.
3. Quantification: The test detects and measures the bacterial DNA or RNA to determine the presence and concentration of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Duration

Sample collection: A few minutes. Laboratory analysis: Typically 1-2 days.

Setting

• Outpatient clinic
• Hospital
• Specialized laboratory

Personnel

• Nurse or medical assistant for sample collection.
• Laboratory technologist for conducting the test.
• Physician or healthcare provider for interpreting results.

Risks and Complications

• Minor discomfort or irritation during sample collection.
• Rare risk of sample contamination or false results.
• No significant complications usually associated with the procedure.

Benefits

• Accurate and early diagnosis of gonorrhea.
• Quantification helps in understanding the infection's severity.
• Informs treatment decisions and helps in monitoring the effectiveness of therapy.

Recovery

• No specific recovery period as the procedure is non-invasive.
• Follow-up appointments may be necessary based on test results.
• Patients are typically advised on treatment options if the result is positive.

Alternatives

• Culture tests which grow the bacteria from a sample but take longer.
• Direct microscopic examination, though less sensitive.
• Rapid antigen tests, which are quicker but may be less accurate.

Patient Experience

• Patients may feel mild discomfort during sample collection.
• Minimal to no pain is expected.
• Results provide peace of mind or a clear treatment pathway if the infection is confirmed.