Name of the Procedure:

Smear, primary source with interpretation; complex special stain (eg, trichrome, iron hemotoxylin) for ova and parasites

Summary

This procedure involves collecting a sample, usually a stool sample, and preparing a smear which is then stained with special dyes to identify and interpret the presence of ova (eggs) and parasites. This specialized testing helps diagnose parasitic infections.

Purpose

The primary goal is to diagnose parasitic infections by identifying ova and parasites in the sample. Accurate identification assists in determining the appropriate treatment.

Indications

• Diarrhea or other gastrointestinal symptoms not attributed to common causes.
• Unexplained weight loss.
• History of travel to areas where parasitic infections are common.
• Symptoms of malabsorption.

Preparation

• Patients may be instructed to avoid certain medications, such as antidiarrheals or antibiotics, before collecting the sample.
• A stool sample must be collected and submitted according to specific guidelines provided by the healthcare provider.

Procedure Description

1. A stool sample is collected from the patient and prepared in a laboratory.
2. The sample is smeared onto a microscope slide.
3. A special stain (e.g., trichrome, iron hematoxylin) is applied to the smear.
4. The stained smear is examined under a microscope by a trained professional who interprets the findings to identify any ova or parasites present.

No anesthesia or sedation is required for this procedure, as it is non-invasive.

Duration

The preparation and staining of the sample may take a few hours. Microscopic examination and interpretation can further extend the timeline.

Setting

Performed in a clinical or diagnostic laboratory.

Personnel

Laboratory technicians or medical technologists perform the staining and initial examination. A pathologist or specialized physician interprets the results.

Risks and Complications

• There are minimal risks associated with the sample collection process.
• False negatives or positives can occur if the sample is not handled correctly.

Benefits

• Provides accurate diagnosis of parasitic infections.
• Enables targeted treatment which can lead to rapid symptom relief and recovery.

Recovery

• No recovery time is required as this is a non-invasive diagnostic test.
• Patients may need to follow up with their healthcare provider for treatment based on the test results.

Alternatives

• Serological tests for certain parasites.
• PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) for detecting parasitic DNA.
• Pros and Cons: Serological tests may not be as specific as microscopic examination, while PCR is highly accurate but can be more costly.

Patient Experience

• The patient will primarily be involved in the collection of the stool sample.
• They may experience some discomfort or inconvenience during the collection process but no pain is involved.