Name of the Procedure:

Smear, Primary Source with Interpretation; Wet Mount for Infectious Agents (e.g., saline, India ink, KOH preps)

Summary

A smear, primary source with interpretation using a wet mount, is a diagnostic test performed to identify infectious agents such as bacteria, fungi, or parasites. The sample from the affected area is mixed with different solutions and examined under a microscope.

Purpose

This procedure is used to diagnose infections caused by microorganisms. The goal is to identify the specific infectious agent present so appropriate treatment can be designed.

Indications

• Unexplained itching, redness, or inflammation
• Unusual discharge or lesions
• Other symptoms suggestive of infection, particularly in the skin, genitals, or respiratory tract
• Patients with a weakened immune system

Preparation

• No specific preparation is typically required.
• The healthcare provider may instruct the patient to avoid applying lotions, ointments, or creams to affected areas before the test.
• Inform the provider of any current medications or underlying conditions.

Procedure Description

1. A sample is collected from the affected area using a swab or scraping tool.
2. The sample is placed on a glass slide.
3. Different preparations—saline for general visualization, India ink for detecting encapsulated organisms, or potassium hydroxide (KOH) for fungal detection—are added to the slide.
4. The slide is examined under a microscope by a healthcare professional.
5. The provider interprets the findings to identify any infectious agents.

Duration

The procedure typically takes around 10-20 minutes.

Setting

The procedure is usually performed in a clinic, doctor's office, or hospital laboratory.

Personnel

• Physician or nurse practitioner for sample collection
• Laboratory technician or pathologist for slide preparation and interpretation

Risks and Complications

• Minor discomfort during sample collection
• In rare cases, mild bleeding or irritation
• Very low risk of misdiagnosis if sample is inadequate or controls are not properly used

Benefits

• Rapid identification of the infectious agent
• Timely and appropriate treatment initiation
• Non-invasive and relatively simple procedure

Recovery

• Immediate return to normal activities
• Follow any specific care instructions provided by the healthcare professional
• Adherence to prescribed treatments based on findings

Alternatives

• Culture tests, which may take longer to yield results
• Molecular tests such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction), which can be more expensive
• Biopsies for tissue samples, which are more invasive

Patient Experience

• Slight discomfort or mild pain during sample collection
• No significant pain or discomfort post-procedure
• Sensation of wet or cold on the application site due to the preparation solutions
• Pain management is usually not required, but over-the-counter pain relief can be used if needed